Tkinter 程序在第一次尝试时无法正常工作，重新启动后按预期工作

Question

当我第一次启动该程序时，该程序中的 GUI 磁贴无法正常工作，但在我按下重新启动按钮后它们似乎可以正常工作。问题似乎是 find_closest() 在启动时没有选择正确的方块，但在 play() 方法中重新启动后似乎可以正常工作。

def play(self, event):
    """
    user performs a move
    calls computer move directly after if game not over
    """
    selected_square = self.canvas.find_closest(event.x, event.y)

我试过将 board 移动为实例变量，但这并没有解决问题。

这里是__init__方法：

class Game(object):
'''
GUI Tic-tac-toe game.

Argument:
parent (tkinter.Tk): the root window object

Attributes:
canvas = (tkinter.Canvas) widget defining game board
game_over = (bool) game state, game over = False, game ongoing = True
moves = (int) number of moves taken by both user and computer
label = (tkinter.Label) shows win/loss/draw message
'''

# Add your class variables if needed here - square size, etc...)
board = [[0, 0, 0],
         [0, 0, 0],
         [0, 0, 0]]

MAX_MOVES = 9

def __init__(self, parent):
    self.parent = parent
    parent.title('Tic Tac Toe')
    # Create the restart button widget
    restart_button = tkinter.Button(self.parent, text='RESTART', width=20,
                                    command=self.restart)
    restart_button.pack()
    # Create a canvas widget

    self.canvas = tkinter.Canvas(parent, background='white', width=300,
                                 height=300)

    self.canvas.create_rectangle(0, 0, 300, 300)
    self.canvas.create_rectangle(0, 0, 100, 100)
    self.canvas.create_rectangle(100, 0, 200, 100)
    self.canvas.create_rectangle(200, 0, 300, 100)

    self.canvas.create_rectangle(0, 100, 100, 200)
    self.canvas.create_rectangle(100, 100, 200, 200)
    self.canvas.create_rectangle(200, 100, 300, 200)

    self.canvas.create_rectangle(0, 200, 100, 300)
    self.canvas.create_rectangle(100, 200, 200, 300)
    self.canvas.create_rectangle(200, 200, 300, 300)

    self.canvas.pack()

    self.label = tkinter.Label(self.parent, text="")
    self.label.pack()

    self.game_over = False
    if not self.game_over:
        self.canvas.bind("<Button-1>", self.play)
    self.moves = 0

重启方法如下：

    def restart(self):
    """
    resets game to beginning state

    label erased, game tiles turned back white, button-1 rebound, moves set
    to zero
    """
    for square in self.canvas.find_all():
        self.canvas.itemconfigure(square, fill='white')
    self.board = [[0, 0, 0],
                  [0, 0, 0],
                  [0, 0, 0]]
    self.moves = 0
    self.game_over = False
    self.canvas.bind("<Button-1>", self.play)
    self.label.config(text="")

其余代码可以找到here。

我试过打印 event.x 和 event.y，它们似乎正确注册并正确更新了开发板。

Answer 1

canvas/bindings 游戏开始时配置不正确。我还没有真正挖掘你的代码来找出原因（有很多东西可以挖掘一个简短的答案），但是当你第一次开始时你的指数似乎落后了。这可以通过将 restart() 函数中的 canvas 配置循环添加到代码块底部的游戏循环来解决，如下所示：

def main():
    root = tkinter.Tk()
    gen_game = Game(root)
    **for square in gen_game.canvas.find_all():**
        **gen_game.canvas.itemconfigure(square, fill='white')**
    root.mainloop()

或者将其添加到__init__函数的底部，如下所示：

def __init__(self, parent):
    self.parent = parent
    parent.title('Tic Tac Toe')


    # Create the restart button widget
    restart_button = tkinter.Button(self.parent, text='RESTART', width=20,
                                    command=self.restart)
    restart_button.pack()
    # Create a canvas widget

    self.canvas = tkinter.Canvas(parent, background='white', width=300,
                                 height=300)

    self.canvas.create_rectangle(0, 0, 300, 300)
    self.canvas.create_rectangle(0, 0, 100, 100)
    self.canvas.create_rectangle(100, 0, 200, 100)
    self.canvas.create_rectangle(200, 0, 300, 100)

    self.canvas.create_rectangle(0, 100, 100, 200)
    self.canvas.create_rectangle(100, 100, 200, 200)
    self.canvas.create_rectangle(200, 100, 300, 200)

    self.canvas.create_rectangle(0, 200, 100, 300)
    self.canvas.create_rectangle(100, 200, 200, 300)
    self.canvas.create_rectangle(200, 200, 300, 300)

    self.canvas.pack()

    self.label = tkinter.Label(self.parent, text="")
    self.label.pack()

    self.game_over = False
    if not self.game_over:
        self.canvas.bind("<Button-1>", self.play)
    self.moves = 0

    **for square in self.canvas.find_all():**
        **self.canvas.itemconfigure(square, fill='white')**

注意：复制代码时实际上不要包含 **。它只是为了强调。如果它不是代码块，它会被重新格式化为粗体，但它不能同时被格式化为 bold 和 code.

Tkinter 程序在第一次尝试时无法正常工作，重新启动后按预期工作

Tkinter program does not work correctly on first try, works as intended after restart

python

oop

tkinter

python-3.x

tkinter-canvas