带有两个 y 轴的条形图

Question

我有以下代码用于在 MATLAB 中绘制具有 2 个 y 轴的图。我很高兴 2 轴功能有效，但是，我想避免条形重叠。此外，右手轴上的类别应该有不同的颜色，不仅仅是黄色，但应该清楚地知道它们是绘制在右手轴上而不是左轴上。如何做到这一点？

EONMW = [100 399 500];
RWEMW = [200 996 120];
GermanByEON = [0.2 0.4 0.5];
GermanByRWE = [0.1 0.5 0.9];
EONGermanPortfolio = [0.7 0.2 0.1];
RWEGermanPortfolio = [0.8 0.3 0.6];
years = [2010 2012 2014];
% Plot
values1 = [EONMW; RWEMW]';
values2 = [GermanByEON; GermanByRWE; EONGermanPortfolio; RWEGermanPortfolio]';
years1 = [years; years]';
years2 = [years; years; years; years]';
figure;
bar(years1,values1);
ylabel('Utilities generation portfolio in MW')  
yyaxis right
bar(years2,values2);
legend('EON German portfolio in MW', 'RWE German portfolio in MW',...
    'Percentage of German portfolio by EON', 'Percentage of German portfolio by RWE',...
    'EON"s percentage of generation in Germany', 'RWE"s percentage of generation in Germany')
legend('Location','northwest')
ylabel('Utilities generation portfolio as percentages')

Answer 1

我同意这样的情节读起来有些困难，但也许有办法稍微改善这种情况。

我更改的主要内容是添加不可见条（使用 NaN）以便颜色顺序保持不变：

function q54071610
EONMW = [100 399 500];
RWEMW = [200 996 120];
GermanByEON = [0.2 0.4 0.5];
GermanByRWE = [0.1 0.5 0.9];
EONGermanPortfolio = [0.7 0.2 0.1];
RWEGermanPortfolio = [0.8 0.3 0.6];
years = [2010 2012 2014];
% Plot
values1 = [[EONMW; RWEMW].' NaN(3,4)];
values2 = [NaN(3,2) [GermanByEON; GermanByRWE; EONGermanPortfolio; RWEGermanPortfolio].'];
years1 = repmat(years.', [1,6]);
figure;
bar(years1,values1, 'EdgeColor', 'b', 'LineWidth', 2);
ylabel('Utilities generation portfolio in MW')  
yyaxis right
hB = bar(years1,values2, 'EdgeColor', 'r', 'LineWidth', 2);
c = lines(6);
for ind1 = 1:6
  hB(ind1).FaceColor = c(ind1, :);
end
legend('EON German portfolio in MW', 'RWE German portfolio in MW',...
    'Percentage of German portfolio by EON', 'Percentage of German portfolio by RWE',...
    'EON"s percentage of generation in Germany', 'RWE"s percentage of generation in Germany')
legend('Location','northwest')
ylabel('Utilities generation portfolio as percentages')

这导致：

现在你应该解释一下，红框条属于右轴，而蓝框条属于左轴。

Answer 2

最好将bar(x,y)定义为b=bar(x,y)，然后控制b的选项，其中之一是b.FaceColor。看看下面的代码

EONMW = [100 399 500];
RWEMW = [200 996 120];
GermanByEON = [0.2 0.4 0.5];
GermanByRWE = [0.1 0.5 0.9];
EONGermanPortfolio = [0.7 0.2 0.1];
RWEGermanPortfolio = [0.8 0.3 0.6];
years = [2010 2012 2014];
x=0.2;
% Plot
values1 = [EONMW; RWEMW]';
values2 = [GermanByEON; GermanByRWE; EONGermanPortfolio; RWEGermanPortfolio]';
years1 = [years; years]';
years2 = [years; years; years; years]';
figure;
b1=bar(years1,values1,x*0.66);
ylabel('Utilities generation portfolio in MW')  
yyaxis right
b2=bar(years2,values2,x);
%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Defining colors
b1(1).FaceColor=[1 0 0];
b1(2).FaceColor=[0 1 0];
b2(1).FaceColor=[0 0 1];
b2(2).FaceColor=[1 1 0];
b2(3).FaceColor=[0 1 1];
b2(4).FaceColor=[1 0 1];
%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%
legend('EON German portfolio in MW', 'RWE German portfolio in MW',...
    'Percentage of German portfolio by EON', 'Percentage of German portfolio by RWE',...
    'EON"s percentage of generation in Germany', 'RWE"s percentage of generation in Germany')
legend('Location','northwest')
ylabel('Utilities generation portfolio as percentages')

这是你的代码加上下面的块

%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Defining colors
b1(1).FaceColor=[1 0 0];
b1(2).FaceColor=[0 1 0];
b2(1).FaceColor=[0 0 1];
b2(2).FaceColor=[1 1 0];
b2(3).FaceColor=[0 1 1];
b2(4).FaceColor=[1 0 1];
%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%

结果如下

还添加了一个触发选项 x 来控制 条宽度 。

Answer 3

我不确定这些条到底是什么意思，所以我可能错过了图中的要点（这可能是这里的主要问题）。但是，我发现这种呈现方式并不令人愉快且具有误导性，因为 reader 需要付出很多努力才能理解哪个值属于哪个条，以及什么是可比的，什么不是。

我在这里建议的不是技术问题的直接答案（您已经从@Dev-iL 那里得到），而是针对更基本问题的不同解决方案 - 如何可视化这些数据？我相信，如果我能理解数字代表什么（百分比？）以及你想用这个情节强调什么，我可以找到更好的解决方案。

一、代码：

EONMW = [100 399 500];
RWEMW = [200 996 120];
GermanByEON = [0.2 0.4 0.5];
GermanByRWE = [0.1 0.5 0.9];
EONGermanPortfolio = [0.7 0.2 0.1];
RWEGermanPortfolio = [0.8 0.3 0.6];
years = [2010 2012 2014].';
values1 = [EONMW; RWEMW].';
values2 = [GermanByEON; GermanByRWE; EONGermanPortfolio; RWEGermanPortfolio].'*100;

% Plot
colMap = mat2cell(lines(2),[1 1],3); % Choose your favorite colors
figure(2);
% upper plot:
subplot 211
b = bar(years,values1);
set(b,{'FaceColor'},colMap)
xticklabels({}) % remove the years labels, the bottom axes will show them
ylabel('Utilities generation portfolio in MW')
legend('EON German', 'RWE German',...
    'Location','northwest')

% bottom plot
subplot 212
b = bar(years,values2);
set(b,{'FaceColor'},repmat(colMap,2,1)) % matching the colors by topic
set(b,{'FaceAlpha'},{1;1;0.6;0.6}) % distiguish between related mesures
xlabel('Year')
ylabel('Utilities generation portfolio (%)')
legend('German portfolio by EON', 'German portfolio by RWE',...
    'EON''s generation in Germany', 'RWE''s generation in Germany',...
    'Location','north')

结果：

我改变的主要内容：

按 y 轴的单位拆分条形，但按 x 轴对齐它们
匹配绘图之间相关条形的颜色
缩短图例和标签

祝你好运！

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