如何在 NPM 脚本中使用 Windows console 'set' 变量?

How to use Windows console 'set' variables with NPM scripts?

这在 Windows 控制台中按预期工作:

set A="qwerty" && echo %A%

输出:"qwerty"

但是当我尝试 运行 NPM scipts 中的相同命令时:

package.json:

"scripts": {
  "qwerty": "set A=\"qwerty\" && echo %A%"
}

> npm run qwerty

输出为:%A%

我是做错了什么,还是 NPM 运行 不应该这样工作?

到目前为止,我发现这些命令必须在不同的脚本中才能正常工作,并且 运行 必须按照特定的顺序。所以,这是它的工作方式:

"scripts": {
  "aaa": "set TMP=test && npm run bbb",
  "bbb": "echo %TMP%"
}

npm run aaa

输出: test

但是这个不行:

"scripts": {
  "aaa": "set TMP=test",
  "bbb": "npm run aaa && echo %TMP%"
}

npm run bbb

输出:<just empty>

看起来需要两个单独的 npm run 命令来查找创建的变量:变量应该在第一个 npm run 中创建,并且可以在第二个中找到。

您的示例 set A="qwerty" && echo %A% 不正确。 cmd 提示符/批处理文件中的变量每行/命令扩展一次:

==> set "A="

==> echo %A%
%A%

==> set A="qwerty" && echo %A%
%A%

==> echo %A%
"qwerty"

Why this behaviour?

The SET command was first introduced with MS-DOS 2.0 in March 1983, at that time memory and CPU were very limited and the expansion of variables once per line was enough.

使用 CALL command 的解决方法:

==> set "A="

==> echo %A%
%A%

==> set A="qwerty" && CALL echo %A%
"qwerty"

编辑:

为了完整起见,以下批处理脚本显示了百分比扩展的机制及其与CALL命令的组合详细(注意加倍% 批处理文件中的百分号 CALL Echo %%_var%%):

@ECHO OFF
SETLOCAL
if NOT "%~1"=="" ECHO ON
echo        1st:
Set "_var=first"
Set "_var=second" & Echo %_var% & CALL Echo %%_var%%  
echo        2nd: 
Set "_var=first"
Set "_var=second" & CALL Echo %%_var%% & Echo %_var%  

输出,echo OFF:

==> D:\bat\SO237418.bat
       1st:
first
second
       2nd:
second
first

输出,echo ON:

==> D:\bat\SO237418.bat on

==> echo        1st:
       1st:

==> Set "_var=first"

==> Set "_var=second"   & Echo first   & CALL Echo %_var%
first
second

==> echo        2nd:
       2nd:

==> Set "_var=first"

==> Set "_var=second"   & CALL Echo %_var%   & Echo first
second
first