Django注册两种不同类型的不同字段的用户

Question

我想创建两个用户：patient 和 doctor。两个用户将共享一些标准字段，如 first_name、last_name 等。但是，他们应该有不同的字段。例如，只有 doctor 才会有像 expertise 和 days_available.

这样的字段

我查看了一个类似的问题，但它并没有完全解决我的具体需求。我不一定需要自定义 permissions/authentication，因为我只需要为每个用户提供单独的字段。我已经尝试了最后一种方法，即扩展用户模型，但是当我创建用户时，它并没有 linked 到 patient/doctor。我必须手动创建一个医生并将其 link 提供给用户。 doctor/patient如何在创建用户时自动创建？

class User(AbstractUser):
    is_doctor = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_patient = models.BooleanField(default=False)

class Patient(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    user.is_patient = True
    pid = models.AutoField(unique=True, primary_key=True) #patient identification

class Doctor(models.Model):
    upin = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) #unique physician identification number
    user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    user.is_doctor = True
    expertise = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    days_available = models.DateTimeField(null=True)

Answer 1

您的 User 型号默认 objects 设置为 auth.models.UserManager。您应该覆盖该方法：

class User(AbstractUser):
    ... # fields
    objects = MedicalUserManager()

class MedicalUserManager(models.UserManager):
    def create_user(self, username, email=None, password=None, **extra_fields):
        # pop all fields you want to use for `Doctor` or `Patient` from `extra_fields`
        doctor_pin = extra_fields.pop('doctor_pin', None)
        pid = extra_fields.pop('pid', None)
        user = super().create_user(username, email, password, **extra_fields)
        if doctor_pin:
            doctor = Doctor.objects.create(user=user, upin=doctor_pin)
            user.is_doctor = True  # not needed if `is_doctor` is in `extra_fields` because it would have been saved when creating the `User`
            user.save()
        elif pid:
            patient = Patient.objects.create(user=user, pid=pid)
            user.is_patient = True
            user.save()
        return user

Answer 2

查看this blog post--特别是第二个选项："Extending the User Model using a One-to-One link."作者建议在用户对象为created/updated时使用信号自动执行操作。也许尝试这样的事情：

class User(AbstractUser):
    is_doctor = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_patient = models.BooleanField(default=False)

class Patient(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    user.is_patient = True
    pid = models.AutoField(unique=True, primary_key=True) #patient identification

class Doctor(models.Model):
    upin = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) #unique physician identification number
    user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    user.is_doctor = True
    expertise = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    days_available = models.DateTimeField(null=True)

@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def create_user_profile(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
    if created:
        if instance.is_patient:
            Patient.objects.create(user=instance)
        elif instance.is_doctor:
            Doctor.objects.create(user=instance)

@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def save_user_profile(sender, instance, **kwargs):
    if instance.is_patient:
        instance.patient.save()
    elif instance.is_doctor:
        instance.doctor.save()

Django注册两种不同类型的不同字段的用户

Django Registering two different types of users with different fields

django

django-models

django-users