有没有一种优雅的方法可以使用 ffmpeg 按章节拆分文件?

Is there an elegant way to split a file by chapter using ffmpeg?

this page中,Albert Armea分享了一个使用ffmpeg按章节分割视频的代码。代码很直接,但是不太好看

ffmpeg -i "$SOURCE.$EXT" 2>&1 |
grep Chapter |
sed -E "s/ *Chapter #([0-9]+\.[0-9]+): start ([0-9]+\.[0-9]+), end ([0-9]+\.[0-9]+)/-i \"$SOURCE.$EXT\" -vcodec copy -acodec copy -ss  -to  \"$SOURCE-.$EXT\"/" |
xargs -n 11 ffmpeg

有没有一种优雅的方式来完成这项工作?

ffmpeg -i "$SOURCE.$EXT" 2>&1 \ # get metadata about file
| grep Chapter \ # search for Chapter in metadata and pass the results
| sed -E "s/ *Chapter #([0-9]+.[0-9]+): start ([0-9]+.[0-9]+), end ([0-9]+.[0-9]+)/-i \"$SOURCE.$EXT\" -vcodec copy -acodec copy -ss  -to  \"$SOURCE-.$EXT\"/" \ # filter the results, explicitly defining the timecode markers for each chapter
| xargs -n 11 ffmpeg # construct argument list with maximum of 11 arguments and execute ffmpeg

您的命令解析文件元数据并读出每一章的时间码标记。您可以为每一章手动执行此操作..

ffmpeg -i ORIGINALFILE.mp4 -acodec copy -vcodec copy -ss 0 -t 00:15:00 OUTFILE-1.mp4

或者您可以用这个 bash 脚本写出章节标记并 运行 通过它们,这样更容易阅读..

#!/bin/bash
# Author: http://crunchbang.org/forums/viewtopic.php?id=38748#p414992
# m4bronto

#     Chapter #0:0: start 0.000000, end 1290.013333
#       first   _     _     start    _     end

while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do

ffmpeg -i "" 2> tmp.txt

while read -r first _ _ start _ end; do
  if [[ $first = Chapter ]]; then
    read  # discard line with Metadata:
    read _ _ chapter

    ffmpeg -vsync 2 -i "" -ss "${start%?}" -to "$end" -vn -ar 44100 -ac 2 -ab 128  -f mp3 "$chapter.mp3" </dev/null

  fi
done <tmp.txt

rm tmp.txt

shift
done

或者您可以使用 HandbrakeCLI,如 this post 中最初提到的那样,此示例将第 3 章提取到 3.mkv

HandBrakeCLI -c 3 -i originalfile.mkv -o 3.mkv

this post

中提及的其他工具
mkvmerge -o output.mkv --split chapters:all input.mkv

(编辑:此提示来自 https://github.com/phiresky via this issue: https://github.com/harryjackson/ffmpeg_split/issues/2

您可以使用以下方式获取章节:

ffprobe -i fname -print_format json -show_chapters -loglevel error

如果我再次写这篇文章,我会使用 ffprobe 的 json 选项

(原回答如下)

这是一个有效的 python 脚本。我在几个视频上对其进行了测试,效果很好。 Python 不是我的第一语言,但我注意到您使用它,所以我认为用 Python 编写它可能更有意义。我已将其添加到 Github。如果您想改进,请提交拉取请求。

#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import re
import subprocess as sp
from subprocess import *
from optparse import OptionParser

def parseChapters(filename):
  chapters = []
  command = [ "ffmpeg", '-i', filename]
  output = ""
  try:
    # ffmpeg requires an output file and so it errors 
    # when it does not get one so we need to capture stderr, 
    # not stdout.
    output = sp.check_output(command, stderr=sp.STDOUT, universal_newlines=True)
  except CalledProcessError, e:
    output = e.output 
   
  for line in iter(output.splitlines()):
    m = re.match(r".*Chapter #(\d+:\d+): start (\d+\.\d+), end (\d+\.\d+).*", line)
    num = 0 
    if m != None:
      chapters.append({ "name": m.group(1), "start": m.group(2), "end": m.group(3)})
      num += 1
  return chapters

def getChapters():
  parser = OptionParser(usage="usage: %prog [options] filename", version="%prog 1.0")
  parser.add_option("-f", "--file",dest="infile", help="Input File", metavar="FILE")
  (options, args) = parser.parse_args()
  if not options.infile:
    parser.error('Filename required')
  chapters = parseChapters(options.infile)
  fbase, fext = os.path.splitext(options.infile)
  for chap in chapters:
    print "start:" +  chap['start']
    chap['outfile'] = fbase + "-ch-"+ chap['name'] + fext
    chap['origfile'] = options.infile
    print chap['outfile']
  return chapters

def convertChapters(chapters):
  for chap in chapters:
    print "start:" +  chap['start']
    print chap
    command = [
        "ffmpeg", '-i', chap['origfile'],
        '-vcodec', 'copy',
        '-acodec', 'copy',
        '-ss', chap['start'],
        '-to', chap['end'],
        chap['outfile']]
    output = ""
    try:
      # ffmpeg requires an output file and so it errors 
      # when it does not get one
      output = sp.check_output(command, stderr=sp.STDOUT, universal_newlines=True)
    except CalledProcessError, e:
      output = e.output
      raise RuntimeError("command '{}' return with error (code {}): {}".format(e.cmd, e.returncode, e.output))

if __name__ == '__main__':
  chapters = getChapters()
  convertChapters(chapters)

我修改了 Harry 的脚本以使用章节名称作为文件名。它以输入文件的名称(减去扩展名)输出到一个新目录中。它还在每个章节名称前加上“1 - ”、“2 - ”等前缀,以防有相同名称的章节。

#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import re
import pprint
import sys
import subprocess as sp
from os.path import basename
from subprocess import *
from optparse import OptionParser

def parseChapters(filename):
  chapters = []
  command = [ "ffmpeg", '-i', filename]
  output = ""
  m = None
  title = None
  chapter_match = None
  try:
    # ffmpeg requires an output file and so it errors
    # when it does not get one so we need to capture stderr,
    # not stdout.
    output = sp.check_output(command, stderr=sp.STDOUT, universal_newlines=True)
  except CalledProcessError, e:
    output = e.output

  num = 1

  for line in iter(output.splitlines()):
    x = re.match(r".*title.*: (.*)", line)
    print "x:"
    pprint.pprint(x)

    print "title:"
    pprint.pprint(title)

    if x == None:
      m1 = re.match(r".*Chapter #(\d+:\d+): start (\d+\.\d+), end (\d+\.\d+).*", line)
      title = None
    else:
      title = x.group(1)

    if m1 != None:
      chapter_match = m1

    print "chapter_match:"
    pprint.pprint(chapter_match)

    if title != None and chapter_match != None:
      m = chapter_match
      pprint.pprint(title)
    else:
      m = None

    if m != None:
      chapters.append({ "name": `num` + " - " + title, "start": m.group(2), "end": m.group(3)})
      num += 1

  return chapters

def getChapters():
  parser = OptionParser(usage="usage: %prog [options] filename", version="%prog 1.0")
  parser.add_option("-f", "--file",dest="infile", help="Input File", metavar="FILE")
  (options, args) = parser.parse_args()
  if not options.infile:
    parser.error('Filename required')
  chapters = parseChapters(options.infile)
  fbase, fext = os.path.splitext(options.infile)
  path, file = os.path.split(options.infile)
  newdir, fext = os.path.splitext( basename(options.infile) )

  os.mkdir(path + "/" + newdir)

  for chap in chapters:
    chap['name'] = chap['name'].replace('/',':')
    chap['name'] = chap['name'].replace("'","\'")
    print "start:" +  chap['start']
    chap['outfile'] = path + "/" + newdir + "/" + re.sub("[^-a-zA-Z0-9_.():' ]+", '', chap['name']) + fext
    chap['origfile'] = options.infile
    print chap['outfile']
  return chapters

def convertChapters(chapters):
  for chap in chapters:
    print "start:" +  chap['start']
    print chap
    command = [
        "ffmpeg", '-i', chap['origfile'],
        '-vcodec', 'copy',
        '-acodec', 'copy',
        '-ss', chap['start'],
        '-to', chap['end'],
        chap['outfile']]
    output = ""
    try:
      # ffmpeg requires an output file and so it errors
      # when it does not get one
      output = sp.check_output(command, stderr=sp.STDOUT, universal_newlines=True)
    except CalledProcessError, e:
      output = e.output
      raise RuntimeError("command '{}' return with error (code {}): {}".format(e.cmd, e.returncode, e.output))

if __name__ == '__main__':
  chapters = getChapters()
  convertChapters(chapters)

这花了很多时间才弄清楚,因为我绝对不是 Python 人。它也不优雅,因为它是逐行处理元数据,需要跳过很多环节。 (即,标题和章节数据在元数据输出的单独循环中找到)

但它确实有效,应该可以为您节省很多时间。它对我有用!

我想要一些额外的东西,例如:

  • 提取封面
  • 使用章节名作为文件名
  • 用前导零为文件名添加一个计数器前缀,这样字母顺序在每个软件中都能正常工作
  • 制作播放列表
  • 修改元数据以包含章节名称
  • 根据元数据(作者年份 - 标题)将所有文件输出到新目录

这是我的脚本(我使用了来自 Harry 的 ffprobe json 输出的提示)

#!/bin/bash
input="input.aax"
EXT2="m4a"

json=$(ffprobe -activation_bytes secret -i "$input" -loglevel error -print_format json -show_format -show_chapters)
title=$(echo $json | jq -r ".format.tags.title")
count=$(echo $json | jq ".chapters | length")
target=$(echo $json | jq -r ".format.tags | .date + \" \" + .artist + \" - \" + .title")
mkdir "$target"

ffmpeg -activation_bytes secret -i $input -vframes 1 -f image2 "$target/cover.jpg"

echo "[playlist]
NumberOfEntries=$count" > "$target/0_Playlist.pls"

for i in $(seq -w 1 $count);
do
  j=$((10#$i))
  n=$(($j-1))
  start=$(echo $json | jq -r ".chapters[$n].start_time")
  end=$(echo $json | jq -r ".chapters[$n].end_time")
  name=$(echo $json | jq -r ".chapters[$n].tags.title")
  ffmpeg -activation_bytes secret -i $input -vn -acodec -map_chapters -1 copy -ss $start -to $end -metadata title="$title $name" "$target/$i $name.$EXT2"
  echo "File$j=$i $name.$EXT2" >> "$target/0_Playlist.pls"
done

原始 shell 代码的一个版本:

  • 提高了效率
    • 使用 ffprobe 而不是 ffmpeg
    • 拆分输入而不是输出
  • 通过避免 xargssed
  • 提高了可靠性
  • 使用多行提高了可读性
  • 携带多个音频或字幕流
  • 从输出文件中删除章节(因为它们是无效的时间码)
  • 简化的命令行参数
#!/bin/sh -efu

input=""
ffprobe \
    -print_format csv \
    -show_chapters \
    "$input" |
cut -d ',' -f '5,7,8' |
while IFS=, read start end chapter
do
    ffmpeg \
        -nostdin \
        -ss "$start" -to "$end" \
        -i "$input" \
        -c copy \
        -map 0 \
        -map_chapters -1 \
        "${input%.*}-$chapter.${input##*.}"
done

为了防止它干扰循环,指示ffmpeg不要从stdin读取。

在python

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import sys
import os
import subprocess
import shlex

def split_video(pathToInputVideo):
  command="ffprobe -v quiet -print_format csv -show_chapters "
  args=shlex.split(command)
  args.append(pathToInputVideo)
  output = subprocess.check_output(args, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, universal_newlines=True)

  cpt=0
  for line in iter(output.splitlines()):
    dec=line.split(",")
    st_time=dec[4]
    end_time=dec[6]
    name=dec[7]

    command="ffmpeg -i _VIDEO_ -ss _START_ -to _STOP_ -vcodec copy -acodec copy"
    args=shlex.split(command)
    args[args.index("_VIDEO_")]=pathToInputVideo
    args[args.index("_START_")]=st_time
    args[args.index("_STOP_")]=end_time

    filename=os.path.basename(pathToInputVideo)
    words=filename.split(".");
    l=len(words)
    ext=words[l-1]

    cpt+=1
    filename=" ".join(words[0:l-1])+" - "+str(cpt)+" - "+name+"."+ext

    args.append(filename)
    subprocess.call(args)

for video in sys.argv[1:]:
  split_video(video)

通过使用JSON和jq比使用sed提取数据更简单一点:

#!/usr/bin/env bash 
# For systems where "bash" in not in "/bin/"

set -efu

videoFile=""
ffprobe -hide_banner \
        "$videoFile" \
        -print_format json \
        -show_chapters \
        -loglevel error |
    jq -r '.chapters[] | [ .id, .start_time, .end_time | tostring ] | join(" ")' |
    while read chapter start end; do
        ffmpeg -nostdin \
               -ss "$start" -to "$end" \
               -i "$videoFile" \
               -map 0 \
               -map_chapters -1 \
               -c copy \
               -metadata title="$chapter"
               "${videoFile%.*}-$chapter.${videoFile##*.}";
    done

我使用 tostring jq 函数,因为 chapers[].id 是一个整数。

前几天我试图自己拆分 .m4b 有声读物,无意中发现了这个线程和其他线程,但我找不到任何使用批处理脚本的示例。我不知道 python 或 bash,而且我根本不是批处理方面的专家,但我试图阅读如何做,并提出了以下似乎可行的方法.

这会将按章节编号的 MP3 文件导出到与源文件相同的路径:

@echo off
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
for /f "tokens=2,5,7,8 delims=," %%G in ('c:\ffmpeg\bin\ffprobe -i %1 -print_format csv -show_chapters -loglevel error  2^> nul') do (
   set padded=00%%G
   "c:\ffmpeg\bin\ffmpeg" -ss %%H -to %%I -i %1 -vn -c:a libmp3lame -b:a 32k -ac 1 -metadata title="%%J" -id3v2_version 3 -write_id3v1 1 -y "%~dpnx1-!padded:~-3!.mp3"
)

对于您的视频文件文件,我已将其更改为以下内容,以便通过直接复制来处理视频和音频数据。我没有带章节的视频文件,所以我无法测试它,但我希望它有用。

@echo off
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
for /f "tokens=2,5,7,8 delims=," %%G in ('c:\ffmpeg\bin\ffprobe -i %1 -print_format csv -show_chapters -loglevel error  2^> nul') do (
   set padded=00%%G
   "c:\ffmpeg\bin\ffmpeg" -ss %%H -to %%I -i %1 -c:v copy -c:a copy -metadata title="%%J" -y "%~dpnx1-!padded:~-3!.mkv"
)

NodeJS 中的简单解决方案/JavaScript

const probe = function (fpath, debug) {
      var self = this;
      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        var loglevel = debug ? 'debug' : 'error';
        const args = [
          '-v', 'quiet',
          '-loglevel', loglevel,
          '-print_format', 'json',
          '-show_chapters',
          '-show_format',
          '-show_streams',
          '-i', fpath
        ];
        const opts = {
          cwd: self._options.tempDir
        };
        const cb = (error, stdout) => {
          if (error)
            return reject(error);
          try {
            const outputObj = JSON.parse(stdout);
            return resolve(outputObj);
          } catch (ex) {
            self.logger.error("probe failed %s", ex);
            return reject(ex);
          }
        };
        console.log(args)
        cp.execFile('ffprobe', args, opts, cb)
          .on('error', reject);
      });
    }//probe

json 输出 raw 对象将包含具有以下结构的 chapters 数组:

{
    "chapters": [{
        "id": 0,
        "time_base": "1/1000",
        "start": 0,
        "start_time": "0.000000",
        "end": 145000,
        "end_time": "135.000000",
        "tags": {
            "title": "This is Chapter 1"
        }
    }]
}

这是 PowerShell 版本

$filePath = 'C:\InputVideo.mp4'

$file = Get-Item $filePath

$json = ConvertFrom-Json (ffprobe -i $filePath -print_format json -show_chapters -loglevel error | Out-String)

foreach($chapter in $json.chapters)
{
    ffmpeg -loglevel error -i $filePath -c copy -ss $chapter.start_time -to $chapter.end_time "$($file.DirectoryName)$($chapter.id).$($file.Extension)"
}