使用管道从 STDIN 读取分叉进程时出现问题

problem getting forked process to read from STDIN using pipes

我正在尝试创建一个助手 class 来执行系统命令并通过管道支持获取响应。对于我只需要获得响应(没有 STDIN 用于命令)的情况,它按预期工作,对于管道支持,我的 STDIN 出现乱码,我找不到根本原因。

处理这个机制的主要函数是(请忽略小错误检查问题)

最小的工作示例

#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

struct exec_cmd_t {
    exec_cmd_t(std::vector<std::string> args) : args(args), has_executed(false), cpid(-1) { }
    exec_cmd_t(const exec_cmd_t &) = delete;
    exec_cmd_t(exec_cmd_t &&) = delete;
    exec_cmd_t & operator=(const exec_cmd_t &) = delete;
    exec_cmd_t & operator=(exec_cmd_t &&) = delete;

    std::string operator()();

    std::string pipe_cmd(const std::string & input);
    std::string pipe_cmd();
    ~exec_cmd_t();

    private:
    std::vector<std::string> args;
    bool has_executed;
    int cpid;
    std::stringstream in_stream;
    std::stringstream out_stream;

    friend std::string operator | (exec_cmd_t & first, exec_cmd_t & second);
    friend std::string operator | (exec_cmd_t && first, exec_cmd_t && second);
    friend std::string operator | (std::string, exec_cmd_t & second);
    friend std::string operator | (std::string, exec_cmd_t && second);
};

std::string exec_cmd_t::pipe_cmd(const std::string & input) {
    this->has_executed = true;
    const int read_end = 0;
    const int write_end = 1;

    int read_pipe[2];
    int write_pipe[2];

    if (pipe(read_pipe) < 0 || pipe(write_pipe) < 0) {
        this->has_executed = false;
        return std::string{};
    }

    this->in_stream << input;
    std::string line;
    while(getline(this->in_stream, line)) {
        if (line.size() == 0) {
            continue;
        }
       int wr_sz = write(write_pipe[write_end], line.c_str(), line.size());
       if (wr_sz <= 0) {
           break;
       }
       write(write_pipe[write_end], "\n", 1);
    }
    close(write_pipe[write_end]);

    this->cpid = fork();
    if (this->cpid == 0) {
        dup2(write_pipe[read_end], STDIN_FILENO);
        dup2(read_pipe[write_end], STDOUT_FILENO);
        close(read_pipe[read_end]);
        close(write_pipe[write_end]);
        close(read_pipe[write_end]);
        close(write_pipe[read_end]);
        prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM);
        char * params[args.size()];
        const char * image_path = args[0].c_str();
        for(int i = 1; i < args.size(); i++) {
            params[i-1] = const_cast<char *>(args[i].c_str());
        }
        params[args.size()] = nullptr;
        execv(image_path, params);
        exit(1);
    }

    close(read_pipe[write_end]);
    close(write_pipe[read_end]);

    char buff[256];
    int rd_sz = -1;
    int flags = fcntl(read_pipe[0], F_GETFL, 0);
    fcntl(read_pipe[read_end], F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);
    int status = 0;
    waitpid(this->cpid, &status, 0);
    this->has_executed = false;
    int error_code = 0;
    while((rd_sz = read(read_pipe[read_end], buff, sizeof(buff))) > 0) {
        buff[rd_sz] = '[=10=]';
        this->out_stream << std::string{buff};
    }
    close(read_pipe[read_end]);
    return this->out_stream.str();
}


std::string exec_cmd_t::pipe_cmd() {
    static std::string empty_str{};
    return pipe_cmd(empty_str);
}

std::string exec_cmd_t::operator()() {
    return pipe_cmd();
}

exec_cmd_t::~exec_cmd_t() {
    if (this->has_executed) {
        int status;
        waitpid(this->cpid, &status, WNOHANG);
        if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
            kill(this->cpid, SIGKILL);
            waitpid(this->cpid, &status, 0);
        }
    }
}

std::string operator | (exec_cmd_t & first, exec_cmd_t & second) {
    return second.pipe_cmd(first());
}

std::string operator | (exec_cmd_t && first, exec_cmd_t && second) {
    return second.pipe_cmd(first());
}

std::string operator | (std::string output, exec_cmd_t & second) {
    return second.pipe_cmd(output);
}

std::string operator | (std::string output, exec_cmd_t && second) {
    return second.pipe_cmd(output);
}

int main() {
    auto str = exec_cmd_t{ {"/bin/echo", "echo", "hello\nworld\nor\nnot"} } | exec_cmd_t{ {"/bin/grep", "grep", "world", "-"} };
    std::cout << str << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

给我

grep: =V: No such file or directory                                                                                                                                                   
(standard input):world 

似乎 grep 执行了两次,一次失败,没有这样的文件或目录,另一次成功。任何建议都会非常有帮助:-)。 提前致谢。

你至少有一个未定义行为的原因可能导致你的程序做它所做的事情。您像这样声明并使用超出范围的 VLA:

char* params[args.size()];
...
params[args.size()] = nullptr;
execv(image_path, params);

这会使 params 中的终止 char* 未初始化,因此它可以指向任何地方。 grep 认为它指向一个文件名,尝试打开它但失败了。

由于 VLA:s 不在 C++ 标准中,请考虑将其更改为:

std::vector<char*> params(args.size());
...
params[args.size() - 1] = nullptr;
execv(image_path, params.data());

另一个令人担忧的原因是,您在本应使用 ssize_t 的地方使用了 int,尽管您阅读或编写的次数极不可能超过 int可以处理。

在我进行这些更改后,它开始工作并打印出预期的 world。我什至添加了第三个命令来检查它是否可以处理它。建议的更改:


14,15c14,15
<     exec_cmd_t(std::vector<std::string> args) :
<         args(args), has_executed(false), cpid(-1) {}
---
>     exec_cmd_t(std::vector<std::string> Args) :
>         args(Args), has_executed(false), cpid(-1), in_stream{}, out_stream{} {}
59c59
<         int wr_sz = write(write_pipe[write_end], line.c_str(), line.size());
---
>         ssize_t wr_sz = write(write_pipe[write_end], line.c_str(), line.size());
76c76
<         char* params[args.size()];
---
>         std::vector<char*> params(args.size());
78c78
<         for(int i = 1; i < args.size(); i++) {
---
>         for(decltype(args.size()) i = 1; i < args.size(); i++) {
81,82c81,82
<         params[args.size()] = nullptr;
<         execv(image_path, params);
---
>         params[args.size() - 1] = nullptr;
>         execv(image_path, params.data());
90c90
<     int rd_sz = -1;
---
>     ssize_t rd_sz = -1;
96c96
<     int error_code = 0;
---
>     // int error_code = 0; // unused
106,107c106
<     static std::string empty_str{};
<     return pipe_cmd(empty_str);
---
>     return pipe_cmd({});
143c142,143
<                exec_cmd_t{{"/bin/grep", "grep", "world", "-"}};
---
>                exec_cmd_t{{"/bin/grep", "grep", "-A1", "hello"}} |
>                exec_cmd_t{{"/bin/grep", "grep", "world"}};

我还意识到您的程序就像管道命令之间的代理,从一个命令读取所有内容并将其写入下一个命令。

您可以同时启动所有程序,并一次性设置启动程序之间的管道。对于三个命令,您需要三个管道:

                     cmd1  cmd2  cmd3
                     |  w--r  w--r  |
                 stdin              read output into program
or fed by your program

如果您决定 运行 具有大量输出的命令,这将减少性能和内存消耗的问题。在内部,您只需要通过读取上一个命令的输出来存储您想要存储的内容。我对这种方法做了一个小测试,它非常有效。