ScalaTest: QuickStart code fails with java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: scala/xml/NamespaceBinding
ScalaTest: QuickStart code fails with java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: scala/xml/NamespaceBinding
我刚开始使用 ScalaTest 并关注 http://www.scalatest.org/quick_start 页
我按照概述的步骤进行操作（通过下载代码上方链接的 jar 文件）
并且代码失败
unittest vi ExampleSpec.scala
➜ unittest scalac -cp scalatest-app_2.13-3.0.8.jar ExampleSpec.scala
➜ unittest scala -cp scalatest-app_2.13-3.0.8.jar org.scalatest.run ExampleSpec
An exception or error caused a run to abort. This may have been caused by a problematic custom reporter.
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: scala/xml/NamespaceBinding
at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.doRunRunRunDaDoRunRun(Runner.scala:1368)
at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.$anonfun$runOptionallyWithPassFailReporter(Runner.scala:1033)
at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.$anonfun$runOptionallyWithPassFailReporter$adapted(Runner.scala:1011)
at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.withClassLoaderAndDispatchReporter(Runner.scala:1509)
at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.runOptionallyWithPassFailReporter(Runner.scala:1011)
at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.main(Runner.scala:827)
at org.scalatest.run$.main(run.scala:120)
at org.scalatest.run.main(run.scala)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:567)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader.$anonfun$run(ScalaClassLoader.scala:105)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader.asContext(ScalaClassLoader.scala:40)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader.asContext$(ScalaClassLoader.scala:37)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader$URLClassLoader.asContext(ScalaClassLoader.scala:130)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader.run(ScalaClassLoader.scala:105)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader.run$(ScalaClassLoader.scala:97)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader$URLClassLoader.run(ScalaClassLoader.scala:130)
at scala.tools.nsc.CommonRunner.run(ObjectRunner.scala:29)
at scala.tools.nsc.CommonRunner.run$(ObjectRunner.scala:28)
at scala.tools.nsc.ObjectRunner$.run(ObjectRunner.scala:43)
at scala.tools.nsc.CommonRunner.runAndCatch(ObjectRunner.scala:35)
at scala.tools.nsc.CommonRunner.runAndCatch$(ObjectRunner.scala:34)
at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner.runTarget(MainGenericRunner.scala:70)
at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner.run(MainGenericRunner.scala:91)
at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner.process(MainGenericRunner.scala:103)
at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner$.main(MainGenericRunner.scala:108)
at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner.main(MainGenericRunner.scala)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: scala.xml.NamespaceBinding
at java.base/java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:436)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:588)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:521)
... 29 more
我的 Scala 版本是
➜ unittest scala -version
Scala code runner version 2.13.1 -- Copyright 2002-2019, LAMP/EPFL and Lightbend, Inc.
我认为错误是因为 scala-xml 是一个独立于 Scala 的项目，所以我从 https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.scala-lang/scala-xml/2.11.0-M4
下载了 jar 文件
接下来，我再次尝试了整个过程，但失败并出现了不同的错误
unittest scala -classpath "scalatest-app_2.13-3.0.8.jar:scala-xml-2.11.0-M4.jar" org.scalatest.run ExampleSpec
An exception or error caused a run to abort. This may have been caused by a problematic custom reporter.
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: scala/Serializable
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:1016)
at java.base/java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:151)
at java.base/java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:515)
at java.base/java.net.URLClassLoader.run(URLClassLoader.java:423)
at java.base/java.net.URLClassLoader.run(URLClassLoader.java:417)
at java.base/java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(AccessController.java:691)
at java.base/java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:416)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:588)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:521)
at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.doRunRunRunDaDoRunRun(Runner.scala:1368)
at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.$anonfun$runOptionallyWithPassFailReporter(Runner.scala:1033)
at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.$anonfun$runOptionallyWithPassFailReporter$adapted(Runner.scala:1011)
at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.withClassLoaderAndDispatchReporter(Runner.scala:1509)
at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.runOptionallyWithPassFailReporter(Runner.scala:1011)
at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.main(Runner.scala:827)
at org.scalatest.run$.main(run.scala:120)
at org.scalatest.run.main(run.scala)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:567)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader.$anonfun$run(ScalaClassLoader.scala:105)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader.asContext(ScalaClassLoader.scala:40)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader.asContext$(ScalaClassLoader.scala:37)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader$URLClassLoader.asContext(ScalaClassLoader.scala:130)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader.run(ScalaClassLoader.scala:105)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader.run$(ScalaClassLoader.scala:97)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader$URLClassLoader.run(ScalaClassLoader.scala:130)
at scala.tools.nsc.CommonRunner.run(ObjectRunner.scala:29)
at scala.tools.nsc.CommonRunner.run$(ObjectRunner.scala:28)
at scala.tools.nsc.ObjectRunner$.run(ObjectRunner.scala:43)
at scala.tools.nsc.CommonRunner.runAndCatch(ObjectRunner.scala:35)
at scala.tools.nsc.CommonRunner.runAndCatch$(ObjectRunner.scala:34)
at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner.runTarget(MainGenericRunner.scala:70)
at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner.run(MainGenericRunner.scala:91)
at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner.process(MainGenericRunner.scala:103)
at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner$.main(MainGenericRunner.scala:108)
at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner.main(MainGenericRunner.scala)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: scala.Serializable
at java.base/java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:436)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:588)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:521)
... 39 more
有人可以帮助我了解问题所在吗？
谢谢
更新（已解决）
根据@J0HN 的评论和@Mario 的回答，我能够解决问题
➜ unittest ll
total 17608
-rw-r--r-- 1 harit staff 504B Nov 21 17:15 ExampleSpec.scala
-rw-r--r--@ 1 harit staff 555K Nov 22 10:35 scala-xml_2.13-1.2.0.jar
-rw-r--r--@ 1 harit staff 7.9M Nov 21 16:59 scalatest-app_2.13-3.0.8.jar
➜ unittest scalac -classpath "scalatest-app_2.13-3.0.8.jar:scala-xml_2.13-1.2.0.jar" ExampleSpec.scala
➜ unittest scala -classpath "scalatest-app_2.13-3.0.8.jar:scala-xml_2.13-1.2.0.jar" org.scalatest.run ExampleSpec
Run starting. Expected test count is: 2
ExampleSpec:
A Stack
- should pop values in last-in-first-out order
- should throw NoSuchElementException if an empty stack is popped
Run completed in 506 milliseconds.
Total number of tests run: 2
Suites: completed 1, aborted 0
Tests: succeeded 2, failed 0, canceled 0, ignored 0, pending 0
All tests passed.
➜ unittest
我已经从 this 页面
下载了 scala-xml_2.13-1.2.0.jar
Scala 2.13 从标准库中解耦 scala-xml：
The following modules are no longer included in the distribution:
scala-xml, scala-parser-combinators, scala-swing. They are
community-maintained and published to Maven Central.
按照 J0HN 的建议，下载 scala-xml_2.13 并尝试以下命令
scala -cp scalatest-app_2.13-3.0.8.jar:scala-xml_2.13-1.2.0.jar org.scalatest.run ExampleSpec
我刚开始使用 ScalaTest 并关注 http://www.scalatest.org/quick_start 页
我按照概述的步骤进行操作（通过下载代码上方链接的 jar 文件） 并且代码失败
unittest vi ExampleSpec.scala
➜ unittest scalac -cp scalatest-app_2.13-3.0.8.jar ExampleSpec.scala
➜ unittest scala -cp scalatest-app_2.13-3.0.8.jar org.scalatest.run ExampleSpec
An exception or error caused a run to abort. This may have been caused by a problematic custom reporter.
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: scala/xml/NamespaceBinding
at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.doRunRunRunDaDoRunRun(Runner.scala:1368)
at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.$anonfun$runOptionallyWithPassFailReporter(Runner.scala:1033)
at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.$anonfun$runOptionallyWithPassFailReporter$adapted(Runner.scala:1011)
at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.withClassLoaderAndDispatchReporter(Runner.scala:1509)
at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.runOptionallyWithPassFailReporter(Runner.scala:1011)
at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.main(Runner.scala:827)
at org.scalatest.run$.main(run.scala:120)
at org.scalatest.run.main(run.scala)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:567)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader.$anonfun$run(ScalaClassLoader.scala:105)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader.asContext(ScalaClassLoader.scala:40)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader.asContext$(ScalaClassLoader.scala:37)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader$URLClassLoader.asContext(ScalaClassLoader.scala:130)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader.run(ScalaClassLoader.scala:105)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader.run$(ScalaClassLoader.scala:97)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader$URLClassLoader.run(ScalaClassLoader.scala:130)
at scala.tools.nsc.CommonRunner.run(ObjectRunner.scala:29)
at scala.tools.nsc.CommonRunner.run$(ObjectRunner.scala:28)
at scala.tools.nsc.ObjectRunner$.run(ObjectRunner.scala:43)
at scala.tools.nsc.CommonRunner.runAndCatch(ObjectRunner.scala:35)
at scala.tools.nsc.CommonRunner.runAndCatch$(ObjectRunner.scala:34)
at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner.runTarget(MainGenericRunner.scala:70)
at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner.run(MainGenericRunner.scala:91)
at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner.process(MainGenericRunner.scala:103)
at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner$.main(MainGenericRunner.scala:108)
at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner.main(MainGenericRunner.scala)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: scala.xml.NamespaceBinding
at java.base/java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:436)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:588)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:521)
... 29 more
我的 Scala 版本是
➜ unittest scala -version
Scala code runner version 2.13.1 -- Copyright 2002-2019, LAMP/EPFL and Lightbend, Inc.
我认为错误是因为 scala-xml 是一个独立于 Scala 的项目，所以我从 https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.scala-lang/scala-xml/2.11.0-M4
接下来，我再次尝试了整个过程，但失败并出现了不同的错误
unittest scala -classpath "scalatest-app_2.13-3.0.8.jar:scala-xml-2.11.0-M4.jar" org.scalatest.run ExampleSpec
An exception or error caused a run to abort. This may have been caused by a problematic custom reporter.
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: scala/Serializable
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:1016)
at java.base/java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:151)
at java.base/java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:515)
at java.base/java.net.URLClassLoader.run(URLClassLoader.java:423)
at java.base/java.net.URLClassLoader.run(URLClassLoader.java:417)
at java.base/java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(AccessController.java:691)
at java.base/java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:416)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:588)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:521)
at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.doRunRunRunDaDoRunRun(Runner.scala:1368)
at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.$anonfun$runOptionallyWithPassFailReporter(Runner.scala:1033)
at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.$anonfun$runOptionallyWithPassFailReporter$adapted(Runner.scala:1011)
at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.withClassLoaderAndDispatchReporter(Runner.scala:1509)
at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.runOptionallyWithPassFailReporter(Runner.scala:1011)
at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.main(Runner.scala:827)
at org.scalatest.run$.main(run.scala:120)
at org.scalatest.run.main(run.scala)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:567)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader.$anonfun$run(ScalaClassLoader.scala:105)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader.asContext(ScalaClassLoader.scala:40)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader.asContext$(ScalaClassLoader.scala:37)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader$URLClassLoader.asContext(ScalaClassLoader.scala:130)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader.run(ScalaClassLoader.scala:105)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader.run$(ScalaClassLoader.scala:97)
at scala.reflect.internal.util.ScalaClassLoader$URLClassLoader.run(ScalaClassLoader.scala:130)
at scala.tools.nsc.CommonRunner.run(ObjectRunner.scala:29)
at scala.tools.nsc.CommonRunner.run$(ObjectRunner.scala:28)
at scala.tools.nsc.ObjectRunner$.run(ObjectRunner.scala:43)
at scala.tools.nsc.CommonRunner.runAndCatch(ObjectRunner.scala:35)
at scala.tools.nsc.CommonRunner.runAndCatch$(ObjectRunner.scala:34)
at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner.runTarget(MainGenericRunner.scala:70)
at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner.run(MainGenericRunner.scala:91)
at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner.process(MainGenericRunner.scala:103)
at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner$.main(MainGenericRunner.scala:108)
at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner.main(MainGenericRunner.scala)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: scala.Serializable
at java.base/java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:436)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:588)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:521)
... 39 more
有人可以帮助我了解问题所在吗？
谢谢
更新（已解决）
根据@J0HN 的评论和@Mario 的回答，我能够解决问题
➜ unittest ll
total 17608
-rw-r--r-- 1 harit staff 504B Nov 21 17:15 ExampleSpec.scala
-rw-r--r--@ 1 harit staff 555K Nov 22 10:35 scala-xml_2.13-1.2.0.jar
-rw-r--r--@ 1 harit staff 7.9M Nov 21 16:59 scalatest-app_2.13-3.0.8.jar
➜ unittest scalac -classpath "scalatest-app_2.13-3.0.8.jar:scala-xml_2.13-1.2.0.jar" ExampleSpec.scala
➜ unittest scala -classpath "scalatest-app_2.13-3.0.8.jar:scala-xml_2.13-1.2.0.jar" org.scalatest.run ExampleSpec
Run starting. Expected test count is: 2
ExampleSpec:
A Stack
- should pop values in last-in-first-out order
- should throw NoSuchElementException if an empty stack is popped
Run completed in 506 milliseconds.
Total number of tests run: 2
Suites: completed 1, aborted 0
Tests: succeeded 2, failed 0, canceled 0, ignored 0, pending 0
All tests passed.
➜ unittest
我已经从 this 页面
下载了scala-xml_2.13-1.2.0.jar
Scala 2.13 从标准库中解耦 scala-xml：
The following modules are no longer included in the distribution: scala-xml, scala-parser-combinators, scala-swing. They are community-maintained and published to Maven Central.
按照 J0HN 的建议，下载 scala-xml_2.13 并尝试以下命令
scala -cp scalatest-app_2.13-3.0.8.jar:scala-xml_2.13-1.2.0.jar org.scalatest.run ExampleSpec