通过 C 中的管道读取表情符号

Question

我有一个管道，其中写入了无穷无尽的字符串。这些字符串是 ASCII 和表情符号的混合体。我遇到的问题是我正在这样阅读它们

char msg[100];
int length = read(fd,&msg,99);
msg[length] =0;

但有时我猜测的表情符号是多字节的，它被切成两半，然后当我打印到屏幕上时，我得到菱形问号未知的 UTF-8 符号。

如果有人知道如何防止这种情况，请告诉我；我已经找了一段时间了。

Answer 1

如果您正在读取字节块，并希望输出 UTF-8 块，您必须自己至少进行一些最小的 UTF-8 解码。要检查的最简单条件是查看每个字节（我们称它为 b）并查看它是否是连续字节：

bool is_cont = (0x80 == (0xC0 & b));

任何不是延续的字节都开始一个序列，该序列一直持续到下一个非延续字节。您需要一个 4 字节的缓冲区来保存块。

Answer 2

下面的示例代码使用标准输入，但您可以取消注释 fdopen(fd, "r"); 以改用 fd 管道。

这是一个超级简单的示例，说明如何执行此操作。它可能会慢一点，但我会先尝试一下，看看它是否满足您的需求。您还可以使用 fgetws().

读取更大的块

下面的程序将读取 UTF8 字符并正确打印出来。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <locale.h>

int main(void)
{
  FILE *input_stream = stdin; //or fdopen(fd, "r");
  FILE *output_stream = stdout;

  setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.utf8");
  fputws(L"Program started\n", output_stream); //note the wide string `L` prefix

  wint_t wc;
  while ((wc = fgetwc(input_stream)) != WEOF) {
    //use CTRL+D to send WEOF to stdin
    fputwc(wc, output_stream);
  }

  fputws(L"Program ended\n", output_stream); //note the wide string `L` prefix

  //note that this example omits error handling for writing output and setlocale()
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

也可以与管道一起使用：

$ echo "hello. кошкâ" | ./a.out
Program started
hello. кошкâ
Program ended

Answer 3

lee-daniel-crocker 提供的提示可以很好地检查天气特定字节是否是 utf-8/utf-16 的一部分。

除此之外，您还需要添加更多逻辑。当您在流的末尾找到 utf-8 的部分序列时，您需要在流中回头查看（这里是缓冲区）以定位此部分序列的开始位置。

一旦找到此部分 utf-8 代码序列的开始位置，存储此部分代码，将其从缓冲区和处理缓冲区中删除。将该部分代码序列添加到下一个读取周期的缓冲区中。这将允许您将部分 utf-8 代码序列拆分为 read() 操作。

下面是用于测试和验证的示例代码。

App.c

// gcc -Wall app.c

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>

volatile sig_atomic_t g_process_run = 1;

void signal_handler(int signal) { g_process_run = 0; }

int child_process(int *pipe) {
  close(pipe[0]); // close read pipe
  srand(1234);
  int chars_to_send[] = {95, 97, 99, 100, 101, 103, 104, 105,
                         95, 97, 99, 100, 101, 103, 104, 105};
  // int chars_to_send[] = {6, 7, 8, 9,12,14,15,16};
  int fd = open("a.txt", O_RDONLY);
  if (fd == -1) {
    printf("Child: can't open file\n");
    return -1;
  }
  struct stat sb;
  if (fstat(fd, &sb) == -1) {
    printf("Child: can't get file stat\n");
    return -1;
  }
  off_t file_size = sb.st_size;
  char *addr = mmap(NULL, file_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
  if (addr == MAP_FAILED) {
    printf("Child:mmap failed");
    return -1;
  }
  int start_address = 0;
  while (g_process_run != 0) {
    long index = rand();
    index = (index * 16) / RAND_MAX;
    int len = chars_to_send[index];
    if (start_address + len > file_size) {
      start_address = 0;
    }
    len = write(pipe[1], &addr[start_address], len);
    start_address = start_address + len;
    sleep(1);
  }
  munmap(addr, file_size);
  close(fd);
  close(pipe[1]);
  printf("child process exiting\n");
  return 0;
}
int parent_process(int *pipe) {
  close(pipe[1]); // close write pipe
  const int BUFF_SIZE = 99;
  char buff[BUFF_SIZE + 1];
  char buff_temp[10];
  int continueCount = 0;
  while (g_process_run != 0) {
    int len = read(pipe[0], &buff[continueCount],
                   BUFF_SIZE - continueCount) +
              continueCount; // addjust buffer position and size based
                             // on previous partial utf-8 sequence
    continueCount = 0;
    for (int i = len - 1; i > -1;
         --i) { // find and save if last sequence are partial utf-8
      if (0 != (0x80 & buff[i])) {
        buff_temp[continueCount] = buff[i];
        buff[i] = '[=10=]';
        continueCount++;
      } else {
        break;
      }
    }
    buff[len] = '[=10=]';
    printf("Parent:%s\n", buff);
    if (continueCount > 0) { // put partial utf-8 sequence to start of buffer,
                             // so it will prepend in next read cycle.
      printf("will resume with %d partial bytes\n", continueCount);
      for (int i = 0; i < continueCount; ++i) {
        buff[i] = buff_temp[continueCount - i - 1];
      }
    }
  }
  close(pipe[0]);
  wait(NULL);
  printf("parent process exiting\n");
  return 0;
}
int init_signal() {
  if (signal(SIGINT, signal_handler) == SIG_ERR) {
    return -1;
  }
  return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
  if (init_signal() != 0)
    return -1;
  int pipefd[2];
  if (pipe(pipefd) == -1) {
    printf("can't create pipe\n");
    return -1;
  }
  pid_t pid = fork();
  if (pid == -1) {
    printf("Can't fork process\n");
    return -1;
  } else if (pid == 0) { // child process
    return child_process(pipefd);
  }
  return parent_process(pipefd);
}

a.txt

12abc️a23️s345️24ee️dai️iodqs️dqk️pdoo9️93wd️qd3️2om️de9️312abc️a23️s345️24ee️dai️iodqs️dqk️pdoo9️93wd️qd3️2om️de9️312abc️a23️s345️24ee️dai️iodqs️dqk️pdoo9️93wd️qd3️2om️de9️312abc️a23️s345️24ee️dai️iodqs️dqk️pdoo9️93wd️qd3️2om️de9️312abc️a23️s345️24ee️dai️iodqs️dqk️pdoo9️93wd️qd3️2om️de9️312abc️a23️s345️24ee️dai️iodqs️dqk️pdoo9️93wd️qd3️2om️de9️312abc️a23️s345️24ee️dai️iodqs️dqk️pdoo9️93wd️qd3️2om️de9️312abc️a23️s345️24ee️dai️iodqs️dqk️pdoo9️93wd️qd3️2om️de9️3

您可以找到此代码和测试文件 here。

Answer 4

我会选择类似的东西：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define BUFFER_LENGTH   53

void print_function(char* message) {
        // \r or 0x0d - UTF-8 carriage return
        printf("%s\r", message);
}

void read_pipe(int pipe, void (*print_func)(char*))
{
        char message[BUFFER_LENGTH];
        char to_print[1 + BUFFER_LENGTH];
        char* pointer = message;
        do
        {
                int bytes_read = read(pipe, pointer, BUFFER_LENGTH - (pointer - message));
                if (0 == bytes_read)
                {
                        // print remaining bytes
                        *pointer = '[=10=]';
                        print_func(message);
                        break;
                }

                // add bytes remained from previous run
                bytes_read += (pointer - message);

                // copy complete characters to buffer to_print
                int char_p = 0;
                char* to_print_p = to_print;
                for (int i = 0; i != bytes_read; ++i)
                {
                        if (0x80 != (0xc0 & *(message + i)))
                        {
                                for (; char_p != i; ++char_p)
                                {
                                        *(to_print_p++) = *(message + char_p);
                                }
                        }
                }

                // finish buffer with complete characters and print it
                *to_print_p = '[=10=]';
                print_func(to_print);


                // move tail to the beginning of the input buffer,
                // pointer will point to the first free element in message buffer
                pointer = message;
                for (; char_p != bytes_read; ++char_p)
                {
                        *(pointer++) = *(message + char_p);
                }
        } while (1);
}

int main()
{
        read_pipe(STDIN_FILENO, print_function);

        return 0;
}

此处 read_pipe 从传递的 pipe 描述符中无限读取，并使用传递的 print_func 函数打印数据。

想法是从管道读取缓冲区，然后仅复制到打印缓冲区的完整字符（条件由 Lee Daniel Crocker 提供），假设存在有效的 UTF-8 序列。如果缓冲区有一些不完整的 UTF-8 字符的尾部，它将被用作下一部分数据的开头。所以我们循环直到管道结束。

为简单起见，我使用 stdin 作为管道描述符。至运行并测试：

gcc -Wall main.c -o run && perl -e 'print "\xf0\x9f\x98\xab"x1000;' > test.txt && ./run < test.txt > output.txt

P.S。另一种方法是获取字符长度，如下所述：UTF-8 Continuation bytes:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define BUFFER_LENGTH   53

void print_function(char* message) {
        // \r or 0x0d - UTF-8 carriage return
        printf("%s\n", message);
}

void read_pipe(int pipe, void (*print_func)(char*))
{
        char message[BUFFER_LENGTH];
        char to_print[1 + BUFFER_LENGTH];
        char* pointer = message;
        do
        {
                int bytes_read = read(pipe, pointer, BUFFER_LENGTH - (pointer - message));
                if (0 == bytes_read)
                {
                        *pointer = '[=12=]';
                        print_func(message);
                        break;
                }

                // add bytes remained from previous run
                bytes_read += (pointer - message);

                // copy complete characters to buffer to_print
                int char_p = 0;
                char* to_print_p = to_print;

                int length;
                do
                {
                        unsigned char c = *(message + char_p);
                        if (0xc0 == (0xc0 & c))
                        {
                                length = 0;
                                while (0 != (0x80 & c))
                                {
                                        c <<= 1;
                                        ++length;
                                }

                                if (char_p + length > bytes_read)
                                {
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                                length = 1;
                        }

                        for (int i = 0; i != length; ++i)
                        {
                                *(to_print_p++) = *(message + char_p++);
                        }
                } while (char_p != bytes_read);

                // finish buffer with complete characters and print it
                *to_print_p = '[=12=]';
                print_func(to_print);


                // move tail to the beginning of the input buffer,
                // pointer will point to the first free element in message buffer
                pointer = message;
                for (; char_p != bytes_read; ++char_p)
                {
                        *(pointer++) = *(message + char_p);
                }
        } while (1);
}

int main()
{
        read_pipe(STDIN_FILENO, print_function);

        return 0;
}

Answer 5

int strlen_utf8(const char* s)
{
    //h ttp://www.daemonology.net/blog/2008-06-05-faster-utf8-strlen.html
    int i = 0, j = 0;
    while (s[i])
    {
        if ((s[i] & 0xc0) != 0x80) j++;
        i++;
    }
    return j;
}

void utf8_to_wchar_t(wchar_t * ws,const char* s)
{
    //utf8--------------------------------------
    //0xxxxxxx                              1 byte
    //110xxxxx 10xxxxxx                     2 byte
    //1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx            3 byte
    //11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx   4 byte

    int total = strlen_utf8(s);

    unsigned char c =NULL;          
    wchar_t wc=NULL ;   //unsigned int wc;  !!!! we use 16 bit  

    int i = 0;  //s[i]
    int j = 0;  //ws[j]
    for(j=0;j<total;j++)
    { 
        c = s[i++]; //read 1 byte first

        if (c >> 7 == 0b0)      //1 byte    0xxxxxxx
        {
            wc = (c & 0b01111111);
        }
        if (c >> 5 == 0b110)    //2 byte    110xxxxx    10xxxxxx
        {
            wc  = (c & 0b00011111) << 6;
            wc += (s[i++]& 0b00111111);
        }
        if (c >> 4 == 0b1110)   //3 byte    1110xxxx    10xxxxxx    10xxxxxx
        {

            wc  = (c & 0b00001111) << 12;
            wc += (s[i++] & 0b00111111) << 6;
            wc += (s[i++] & 0b00111111);
        }

        if (c >> 3 == 0b11110)  //4 byte    11110xxx    10xxxxxx    10xxxxxx    10xxxxxx
        {
            wc  = (c & 0b00000111) << 18;
            wc += (s[i++] & 0b00111111) << 12;
            wc += (s[i++] & 0b00111111) << 6;
            wc += (s[i++] & 0b00111111);
        }
        ws[j] = wc;
    }
    ws[total] = NULL;


}
void test()
{

    char s[] = { 0xc5,0x9f,0xe2,0x98,0xba,0x00 };//test utf8
    wchar_t ws[100];

    utf8_to_wchar_t(ws, s);


    //write 8bit
    FILE* fp = fopen("a.txt", "wb");
    fwrite(s, 1, 5, fp);
    fclose(fp);

    //write 16bit
    FILE* fp2 = fopen("a2.txt", "wb");
    fwrite("\xff\xfe", 1, 2, fp2);  //little endian
    fwrite(ws, 1, 4, fp2); fclose(fp2);


}

通过 C 中的管道读取表情符号

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