如何使用服务帐户从 python 代码访问 GCP 云功能?

How I can get access to GCP cloud function from python code using service account?

我已经部署了一个简单的 GCP Cloud Function returns "Hello World!"。 我需要这个功能得到授权。我取消标记 "Allow unauthenticated invocations" 复选框,因此只有经过身份验证的调用才能调用此代码。 我还创建了服务帐户并赋予了下一个角色: - 云函数调用器 - 云功能服务代理

我的代码:

from google.oauth2 import service_account
from google.auth.transport.urllib3 import AuthorizedHttp

if __name__ == '__main__':
    credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file('service-account.json',
        scopes=['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform'],
        subject='service-acc@<project_id>.iam.gserviceaccount.com')
    authed_session = AuthorizedHttp(credentials)
    response = authed_session.urlopen('POST', 'https://us-central1-<project_id>.cloudfunctions.net/main')
    print(response.data)

我收到了回复:

b'\n<html><head>\n<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">\n<title>401 Unauthorized</title>\n</head>\n<body text=#000000 bgcolor=#ffffff>\n<h1>Error: Unauthorized</h1>\n<h2>Your client does not have permission to the requested URL <code>/main</code>.</h2>\n<h2></h2>\n</body></html>\n'

如何获得授权?

错误是因为调用未经过身份验证。

因为现在的呼叫来自您的本地主机 this 应该适合您。

curl https://REGION-PROJECT_ID.cloudfunctions.net/FUNCTION_NAME \
  -H "Authorization: bearer $(gcloud auth print-identity-token)"

这将从本地主机使用您在 gcloud 上激活的帐户进行调用。

进行调用的帐户必须具有角色 Cloud Functions Invoker

以后只要确保调用此函数的服务具有上述作用即可。

您的示例代码正在生成访问令牌。下面是一个生成身份令牌并使用该令牌调用 Cloud Functions 端点的真实示例。该函数需要具有用于授权的服务帐户的 Cloud Function Invoker 角色。

import json
import base64
import requests

import google.auth.transport.requests
from google.oauth2.service_account import IDTokenCredentials

# The service account JSON key file to use to create the Identity Token
sa_filename = 'service-account.json'

# Endpoint to call
endpoint = 'https://us-east1-replace_with_project_id.cloudfunctions.net/main'

# The audience that this ID token is intended for (example Google Cloud Functions service URL)
aud = 'https://us-east1-replace_with_project_id.cloudfunctions.net/main'

def invoke_endpoint(url, id_token):
    headers = {'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + id_token}

    r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

    if r.status_code != 200:
        print('Calling endpoint failed')
        print('HTTP Status Code:', r.status_code)
        print(r.content)
        return None

    return r.content.decode('utf-8')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    credentials = IDTokenCredentials.from_service_account_file(
            sa_filename,
            target_audience=aud)

    request = google.auth.transport.requests.Request()

    credentials.refresh(request)

    # This is debug code to show how to decode Identity Token
    # print('Decoded Identity Token:')
    # print_jwt(credentials.token.encode())

    response = invoke_endpoint(endpoint, credentials.token)

    if response is not None:
        print(response)

您需要获得身份令牌才能 (http) 触发您的云功能并且
您的服务帐户至少需要具有 Cloud Functions Invoker 角色。

(为了尽可能保证它的安全,请创建一个只能调用云功能的服务帐户,不能调用其他任何东西 -> 以避免在您的服务帐户密钥文件落入坏人之手时出现问题。)

然后您可以运行以下内容:

import os
import google.oauth2.id_token
import google.auth.transport.requests
import requests

os.environ['GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS'] = 'service_account_key_file.json' 

google_auth_request = google.auth.transport.requests.Request()
cloud_functions_url = 'https://europe-west1-your_project_id.cloudfunctions.net/your_function_name'

id_token = google.oauth2.id_token.fetch_id_token(
    google_auth_request, cloud_functions_url)

headers = {'Authorization': f'Bearer {id_token}'}
response = requests.get(cloud_functions_url, headers=headers)

print(response.content)

这个问题+答案也对我有帮助:
How can I retrieve an id_token to access a Google Cloud Function?

如果您需要通过 python 的访问令牌(而不是身份令牌),请在此处查看: