如何使用 .contains 来 select 某些字母

how to use .contains to select certain letters of the alphabet

我需要用户输入:
- 没有号码
- 长度为 4 个字符
- 仅使用字母表中的某些字母 [R, B, G, P, Y, O]
我已经想出如何不做任何数字和只有 4 个字符的长度,但是,我似乎无法弄清楚如何限制字母表中的某些字母(除了 R、B、G、P、Y、O 以外的所有字母。)

        guess = input.nextLine();
        guess = guess.toUpperCase();
        while (guess.length() != 4 || guess.contains("[0-9]") || guess.contains("[ACDEFHIJKLMNQSTUVWXZ]")) {
            System.out.println("Bad input! Try again");
            System.out.println("Use the form \"BGRY\"");
            guess = input.nextLine();
        }

这是我目前的代码,它似乎不起作用

as follows:

while(!guess.matches("[RBGPYO]{4}")) {
    // ...
}

演示:

public class Main {
    public static void main(String s[]) {
        // Tests
        System.out.println(matches("RBGPYO"));
        System.out.println(matches("RBGP"));
        System.out.println(matches("R1BGP"));
        System.out.println(matches("ABCD"));
        System.out.println(matches("1234"));
        System.out.println(matches("BGPY"));
        System.out.println(matches("BYPG"));
    }

    static boolean matches(String input) {
        return input.matches("[RBGPYO]{4}");
    }
}

输出:

false
true
false
false
false
true
true

不用Regex的方法也有很多

您不能使用 String::contains in this case since this method works with a certain character sequence and your use-case is too specific. However, you can use the advantage of List::contains which might be more useful as long as the String is be understood as a List<Character> using :

List<Integer> characters = "RBGPYO".chars()
    .boxed()
    .collect(Collectors.toList());

boolean matches = guess.length() == 4 && 
    guess.toUpperCase().chars().allMatch(characters::contains);

如果您不喜欢这个功能,一个很好的老循环方法:

List<Character> characters = Arrays.asList('R', 'B', 'G', 'P', 'Y', 'O');
boolean matches = guess.length() == 4;
if (matches) {
    for (char ch : guess.toUpperCase().toCharArray()) {
        if (!characters.contains(ch)) {
            matches = false;             
            break;                         // it's important to break the cycle
        }
    }
}

无论如何,重要的是在检查字符之前检查长度。只要 guess 应该包含字符并且具有 一定的 长度,这就是有效的。