将一天分成多个部分

Question

要为我的数据找到合适的聚合级别，我必须将一天分成不同大小的帧。

示例数据：

da = data.frame(timestamp = c("2016-01-24 01:17:37 GMT" ,"2016-01-24 02:09:41 GMT", "2016-01-24 13:34:35 GMT", "2016-01-24 15:17:56 GMT", "2016-01-24 18:14:55 GMT"))

da
                timestamp
1 2016-01-24 01:17:37 GMT
2 2016-01-24 02:09:41 GMT
3 2016-01-24 13:34:35 GMT
4 2016-01-24 15:17:56 GMT
5 2016-01-24 18:14:55 GMT

例如，我可以开始将一天分成 24 部分。然后 0:00 到 1:00 是第 1 部分，1:00 到 2:00 是第 2 部分等

da2 = data.frame(timestamp = c("2016-01-24 01:17:37 GMT" ,"2016-01-24 02:09:41 GMT", "2016-01-24 13:34:35 GMT", "2016-01-24 15:17:56 GMT", "2016-01-24 18:14:55 GMT"),
                 daypart = c(2, 3, 14, 16, 19))
da2
                timestamp daypart
1 2016-01-24 01:17:37 GMT       2
2 2016-01-24 02:09:41 GMT       3
3 2016-01-24 13:34:35 GMT      14
4 2016-01-24 15:17:56 GMT      16
5 2016-01-24 18:14:55 GMT      19

或分成48份。然后 0:00 到 0:30 是第 1 部分，0:30 到 1:00 第 2 部分等等：

da48 = data.frame(timestamp = c("2016-01-24 01:17:37 GMT" ,"2016-01-24 02:09:41 GMT", "2016-01-24 13:34:35 GMT", "2016-01-24 15:17:56 GMT", "2016-01-24 18:14:55 GMT"),
+                  daypart = c(3, 5, 28, 31, 37))
da48
                timestamp daypart
1 2016-01-24 01:17:37 GMT       3
2 2016-01-24 02:09:41 GMT       5
3 2016-01-24 13:34:35 GMT      28
4 2016-01-24 15:17:56 GMT      31
5 2016-01-24 18:14:55 GMT      37

我找到了这个 post Pos on how to convert time to categorical variable，它已经有帮助了，但是我怎样才能以这样的方式编码它，我只需要更改我想要削减的部分数量进入？

Answer 1

将timestamp转为POSIXlt对象并通过$符号提取小时数。

da$daypart <- as.POSIXlt(da$timestamp)$hour + 1

#                 timestamp daypart
# 1 2016-01-24 01:17:37 GMT       2
# 2 2016-01-24 02:09:41 GMT       3
# 3 2016-01-24 13:34:35 GMT      14
# 4 2016-01-24 15:17:56 GMT      16
# 5 2016-01-24 18:14:55 GMT      19

编辑：将时间分成 48 部分

time <- as.POSIXlt(da$timestamp)
da$daypart48 <- time$hour * 2 + (time$min > 30) + 1
da

#                 timestamp daypart daypart48
# 1 2016-01-24 01:17:37 GMT       2         3
# 2 2016-01-24 02:09:41 GMT       3         5
# 3 2016-01-24 13:34:35 GMT      14        28
# 4 2016-01-24 15:17:56 GMT      16        31
# 5 2016-01-24 18:14:55 GMT      19        37

Answer 2

你可以 strsplit 时间 :,

(tmp <- do.call(rbind, 
                strsplit(strftime(as.POSIXct(da$timestamp), "%H:%M:%S"), ":")))
#      [,1] [,2] [,3]
# [1,] "01" "17" "37"
# [2,] "02" "09" "41"
# [3,] "13" "34" "35"
# [4,] "15" "17" "56"
# [5,] "18" "14" "55"

以秒计算，

(sec <- apply(tmp, 2, as.numeric) %*% c(60*60, 60, 1))
#       [,1]
# [1,]  4657
# [2,]  7781
# [3,] 48875
# [4,] 55076
# [5,] 65695

和match用日秒cut分成24块。

da$daypart <- cut(1:(24*60*60), 24, labels=1:24)[match(sec, 1:(24*60*60))]

结果

da
#              timestamp daypart
# 1 2016-01-24 01:17:37 GMT    2
# 2 2016-01-24 02:09:41 GMT    3
# 3 2016-01-24 13:34:35 GMT   14
# 4 2016-01-24 15:17:56 GMT   16
# 5 2016-01-24 18:14:55 GMT   19

将一天分成多个部分

Cut day into multiple parts

time

timestamp

r

transform

dplyr

结果