有没有办法用 Serde 定义标签字段？

Question

我想要这样的东西：

#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct MyStruct {
    field1: String,
    field2: Option<u64>,
    #[serde(tag(value = "tag_value"))]
    tag: ()
}

#[serde(tag(value = "tag_value"))] 并不是 Serde 实际提供的属性，它只是表达一个想法。我知道我可以自己完成所有序列化，使用远程、(de)serialize_with 等，但是这些需要大量样板代码。

思路是必须存在一个tag字段，MyStruct序列化为JSON应该是：

{
    "field1": "foo",
    "field2": 42,
    "tag": "tag_value"
}

如果 "tag" 字段缺失或映射到与 "tag_value" 不同的值，反序列化必须失败。

Answer 1

使用单个变体枚举：

use serde; // 1.0.104
use serde_json; // 1.0.48

#[derive(Debug, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
enum Tag {
    TagValue,
}

#[derive(Debug, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
struct MyStruct {
    field1: String,
    field2: Option<u64>,
    tag: Tag,
}

fn main() {
    let s = MyStruct {
        field1: "foo".to_string(),
        field2: Some(42),
        tag: Tag::TagValue,
    };

    // The tag is included when serializing
    println!("{:?}", serde_json::to_string(&s));

    // Tag is required when deserializing
    println!(
        "{:?}",
        serde_json::from_str::<MyStruct>(
            "{\"field1\":\"foo\",\"field2\":42,\"tag\":\"tag_value\"}"
        )
    );
    println!(
        "{:?}",
        serde_json::from_str::<MyStruct>("{\"field1\":\"foo\",\"field2\":42}")
    );

    // A bad tag fails
    println!(
        "{:?}",
        serde_json::from_str::<MyStruct>("{\"field1\":\"foo\",\"field2\":42,\"tag\":\"oops\"}")
    );
}

这会打印

Ok("{\"field1\":\"foo\",\"field2\":42,\"tag\":\"tag_value\"}")
Ok(MyStruct { field1: "foo", field2: Some(42), tag: TagValue })
Err(Error("missing field `tag`", line: 1, column: 28))
Err(Error("unknown variant `oops`, expected `tag_value`", line: 1, column: 40))

(Permalink to the playground)

Answer 2

对于只有一个标签的有限情况，您可以在结构本身上使用 #[serde(tag)]：

use serde::Serialize; // 1.0.114
use serde_json; // 1.0.56

#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
#[serde(tag = "tag", rename = "tag_value")]
struct MyStruct {
    field1: String,
    field2: Option<u64>,
}

fn main() {
    let s = MyStruct {
        field1: "hello".into(),
        field2: None,
    };
    println!("{}", serde_json::to_string(&s).unwrap());
}

{"tag":"tag_value","field1":"hello","field2":null}

有没有办法用 Serde 定义标签字段？

Is there a way to define a tag field with Serde?

rust

serde