如何在测试期间将 Django 视图 GET 请求的响应插入到与 POST 请求相同的视图中？

Question

我有一个基于 Django 函数的表单视图，它在 GET 请求中使用默认数据初始化表单，并在 POST 请求中保存模型对象：

def copy(request, ann_id):
    new_ann = get_object_or_404(Announcement, pk=ann_id)
    new_ann.pk = None  # autogen a new primary key (quest_id by default)
    new_ann.title = "Copy of " + new_ann.title
    new_ann.draft = True
    new_ann.datetime_released = new_ann.datetime_released + timedelta(days=7)

    form = AnnouncementForm(request.POST or None, instance=new_ann)
    if form.is_valid():
        new_announcement = form.save(commit=False)
        new_announcement.author = request.user
        new_announcement.datetime_created = timezone.now()
        new_announcement.save()
        form.save()

        return redirect(new_announcement)

    context = {
        "title": "",
        "heading": "Copy an Announcement",
        "form": form,
        "submit_btn_value": "Create",
    }
    return render(request, "announcements/form.html", context)

在我看来，如果不手动向 self.client.post(url, form_data) 提供表单数据，我不知道如何在发布表单时测试 form.is_valid() 分支。

这是我正在尝试的：

test_views.py

class AnnouncementViewTests(TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.client = ...
        ... etc

    def test_copy_announcement(self):
        # log in a teacher
        success = self.client.login(username=self.test_teacher.username, password=self.test_password)
        self.assertTrue(success)

        # hit the view as a get request first, to load a copy of the announcement in the form
        response = self.client.get(
            reverse('announcements:copy', args=[self.test_announcement.id]),
        )
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

        # The form in this response should be valid, and should bw
        # accepted on a post request, 
        # that is what I am testing in this integration test.

        form_data = response.how_do_get_the_form_data() # ???????

        response = self.client.post(
            reverse('announcements:copy', args=[self.test_announcement.id]),
            data=form_data
        )

        # Get the newest announcement just made in the post request
        new_ann = Announcement.objects.latest('datetime_created')

        self.assertRedirects(
            response, 
            new_ann.get_absolute_url()
        )

我想实际测试的是 get 的结果为表单提供了有效的默认数据，然后可以通过 post 请求提交。

但我不知道如何访问 get 请求产生的表单数据，所以我可以将它提供给 post 请求的 form_data .

编辑

我在获取响应中找到了表单的位置，但我不知道如何在代码中获取它。

Answer 1

您的问题有点令人困惑，但我会尽力为您指明正确的方向。

要清理代码，您应该使用 Class 基于视图，您可以在其中轻松地在任何地方使用您的表单。我刚刚写的示例代码：


class TestView(View):
    template_name = 'index.html'
    success_url = 'home' # dummy view
    context = {"form": myform()} 
    # myform is the definition/class of your form which contains all attrs.

    def get(self, request):
        context = self.context
        context['form'] = form # fill out your data here for get request
        return render(request, self.template_name, context)

    def post(self, request):
        context=self.context 
    # self.context certain that you're using exact form which you defined in class-scope
        form=context['form']
        # Form Validation
        if form.is_valid():
            #perform any logical validations here and save the form if required
        return redirect(self.success_url)

        context = self.context
        context['form'] = form # just to show you that you can access that form anywhere
        return render(request, self.template_name, context)

Answer 2

您可以像这样手动将数据传递给您的表单并在单元测试中测试 is_valid 函数：

form_data = {'my': 'value', 'form': 'value', 'fields': 'value'}
form = AnnouncementForm(form_data)
self.assertFalse(form.is_valid)

Answer 3

您可以通过以下方式访问回复表单：

response.context['form']

从这里您可以通过以下方式构建您的负载：

retrieved_instance = response.context['form'].instance
form_data = dict(title=retrieved_instance.title, ... <all the other fields>)
response = self.client.post(
            reverse('announcements:copy', args=[self.test_announcement.id]),
            data=form_data)
        )

这与重新提交页面不同，但非常相似，因为您要重新提交相同的表单。

实际上，您的测试看起来更像是一个 e2e 测试（在谈到集成和 e2e 时，可以说有些歧义），因此，如果我是您，我会切换 "tool" 并使用 selenium模拟从开始（打开现有公告）到结束的用户交互，按下网页上的提交按钮。

只有这样，您提交的才是 "get"

的 "real" 响应

如果您是这种测试的新手，可以在这里找到一个简单的教程https://lincolnloop.com/blog/introduction-django-selenium-testing/来理解主要概念。

如何在测试期间将 Django 视图 GET 请求的响应插入到与 POST 请求相同的视图中？

How to plug the reponse of a django view GET request into the same view as a POST request during testing?

django

django-forms

django-testing

python-3.x