读取站点上的链接并将它们存储在列表中

Question

我正在尝试从 StatsCan 中读取数据的 url，如下所示：


# 2015
url <- "https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/our-natural-resources/energy-sources-distribution/clean-fossil-fuels/crude-oil/oil-pricing/crude-oil-prices-2015/18122"

x1 <- read_html(url) %>% 
  html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@class="col-md-4"]/ul/li/ul/li/a') %>% 
  html_attr("href")


# 2014
url2 <- "https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/our-natural-resources/energy-sources-distribution/clean-fossil-fuels/crude-oil/oil-pricing/crude-oil-prices-2014/16993"

x2 <- read_html(url) %>% 
  html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@class="col-md-4"]/ul/li/ul/li/a') %>% 
  html_attr("href")

这样做returns两个空列表；我很困惑，因为这适用于 link：https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/our-natural-resources/energy-sources-distribution/clean-fossil-fuels/crude-oil/oil-pricing/18087。最后我想遍历列表并读出每一页上的表格：

for (i in 1:length(x2)){
  out.data <- read_html(x2[i]) %>% 
    html_table(fill = TRUE) %>% 
    `[[`(1) %>% 
    as_tibble()
  write.xlsx(out.data, str_c(destination,i,".xlsx"))
}

Answer 1

为了提取所有 url，我建议使用 css 选择器“.field-item li a”并根据模式进行子集化。

links <- read_html(url) %>% 
    html_nodes(".field-item li a") %>% 
    html_attr("href") %>% 
    str_subset("fuel-prices/crude")

Answer 2

您的 XPath 需要修复。您可以使用以下一个：

//strong[contains(.,"Oil")]/following-sibling::ul//a

读取站点上的链接并将它们存储在列表中

Reading off links on a site and storing them in a list

html

xpath

r

web-scraping

rvest