GLFW-RS 只显示黑色方块而不是旋转立方体
GLFW-RS only shows black square instead of rotating cubes
我正在尝试使用 Rust 绑定重新格式化我从 learnopengl.com 创建的 C++ 代码，但它并没有按预期工作。当我应该得到 10 个旋转纹理立方体时，我只得到一个黑色方块。
Here's an image of my output window whenever I run the application.
有人可以帮我找出问题所在吗？我无法理解它，它让我感到困惑。
代码很长，所以这里 link 到存储库，如果这样更容易阅读的话。 Github GLFW Repo
main.rs
extern crate gl;
extern crate glfw;
extern crate glm;
extern crate image;
mod shader;
// use glfw::ffi;
use gl::types::*;
use glfw::{Action, Context, Key};
use glm::*;
use std::ffi::c_void;
use std::mem::size_of;
use shader::shader::Shader;
fn main() {
let mut glfw = glfw::init(glfw::FAIL_ON_ERRORS).unwrap();
glfw.window_hint(glfw::WindowHint::ContextVersion(4, 3));
glfw.window_hint(glfw::WindowHint::OpenGlForwardCompat(true));
glfw.window_hint(glfw::WindowHint::OpenGlProfile(
glfw::OpenGlProfileHint::Core,
));
let (mut window, events) = glfw
.create_window(800, 600, "Hello this is window", glfw::WindowMode::Windowed)
.expect("Failed to create GLFW window.");
window.set_title("OpenGL Custom App");
window.set_key_polling(true);
window.make_current();
window.set_framebuffer_size_polling(true);
load_gl_functions(&mut window);
// ffi::glfwSetWindowSizeCallback(*window, cbfun: Option<GLFWwindowsizefun>);
// First three verticies, last two texture
let _vertices: [f32; 180] = [
-0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 1.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 1.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5,
-0.5, 1.0, 1.0, -0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 0.0, 1.0, -0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 0.0, 0.0, -0.5, -0.5, 0.5,
0.0, 0.0, 0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 1.0, -0.5,
0.5, 0.5, 0.0, 1.0, -0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 0.0, 0.0, -0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.0, -0.5, 0.5, -0.5,
1.0, 1.0, -0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 0.0, 1.0, -0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 0.0, 1.0, -0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 0.0,
0.0, -0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 1.0, 1.0, 0.5,
-0.5, -0.5, 0.0, 1.0, 0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 0.0, 1.0, 0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5,
1.0, 0.0, -0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 0.0, 1.0, 0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 1.0, 1.0, 0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.0,
0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.0, -0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 0.0, 0.0, -0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 0.0, 1.0, -0.5, 0.5,
-0.5, 0.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 1.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.0,
-0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.0, 0.0, -0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 0.0, 1.0,
];
let cube_positions: [Vec3; 10] = [
glm::vec3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
glm::vec3(2.0, 5.0, -15.0),
glm::vec3(-1.5, -2.2, -2.5),
glm::vec3(-3.8, -2.0, -12.3),
glm::vec3(2.4, -0.4, -3.5),
glm::vec3(-1.7, 3.0, -7.5),
glm::vec3(1.3, -2.0, -2.5),
glm::vec3(1.5, 2.0, -2.5),
glm::vec3(1.5, 0.2, -1.5),
glm::vec3(-1.3, 1.0, -1.5),
];
let mut vbo: GLuint = 0;
let mut vao: GLuint = 0;
let mut texture1: u32 = 0;
let mut texture2: u32 = 0;
let shader = Shader::create_shader(
"src/shaders/vertShader.vert",
"src/shaders/fragShader.frag",
&mut window,
)
.expect("There was an error creating the program.");
unsafe {
gl::Enable(gl::DEPTH_TEST);
// Vertices pointer
gl::GenBuffers(1, &mut vbo);
gl::GenVertexArrays(1, &mut vao);
gl::BindVertexArray(vao);
gl::BindBuffer(gl::ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
gl::BufferData(
gl::ARRAY_BUFFER,
size_of::<[f32; 180]>() as isize,
_vertices.as_ptr() as *const c_void,
gl::STATIC_DRAW,
);
// Vertext pointer
gl::VertexAttribPointer(
0,
3,
gl::FLOAT,
gl::FALSE,
5 * size_of::<f32>() as i32,
0 as *const c_void,
);
gl::EnableVertexAttribArray(0);
// Texture pointer
gl::VertexAttribPointer(
1,
2,
gl::FLOAT,
gl::FALSE,
5 * size_of::<f32>() as i32,
(3 * size_of::<f32>()) as *const c_void,
);
gl::EnableVertexAttribArray(1);
// Bind textures
gl::GenTextures(1, &mut texture1 as *mut u32);
gl::ActiveTexture(gl::TEXTURE0);
gl::BindTexture(gl::TEXTURE_2D, texture1);
gl::TexParameteri(
gl::TEXTURE_2D,
gl::TEXTURE_WRAP_S,
gl::MIRRORED_REPEAT as i32,
);
gl::TexParameteri(
gl::TEXTURE_2D,
gl::TEXTURE_WRAP_R,
gl::MIRRORED_REPEAT as i32,
);
gl::TexParameteri(gl::TEXTURE_2D, gl::TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl::LINEAR as i32);
gl::TexParameteri(
gl::TEXTURE_2D,
gl::TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,
gl::LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR as i32,
);
let tex1 = image::open("E:\Repos\Rust\RSOpenGL\src\textures\wall.jpg")
.expect("Failed to load image.")
.into_rgb();
gl::TexImage2D(
gl::TEXTURE_2D,
0,
gl::RGB as i32,
tex1.width() as i32,
tex1.height() as i32,
0,
gl::RGB,
gl::UNSIGNED_BYTE,
tex1.as_ptr() as *const c_void,
);
gl::GenerateMipmap(gl::TEXTURE_2D);
// Texture 2
gl::GenTextures(1, &mut texture2 as *mut u32);
gl::ActiveTexture(gl::TEXTURE1);
gl::BindTexture(gl::TEXTURE_2D, texture2);
gl::TexParameteri(
gl::TEXTURE_2D,
gl::TEXTURE_WRAP_S,
gl::MIRRORED_REPEAT as i32,
);
gl::TexParameteri(
gl::TEXTURE_2D,
gl::TEXTURE_WRAP_R,
gl::MIRRORED_REPEAT as i32,
);
gl::TexParameteri(gl::TEXTURE_2D, gl::TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl::LINEAR as i32);
gl::TexParameteri(
gl::TEXTURE_2D,
gl::TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,
gl::LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR as i32,
);
let tex2 = image::open("E:\Repos\Rust\RSOpenGL\src\textures\awesomeface.png")
.expect("Failed to load image.")
.into_rgb();
gl::TexImage2D(
gl::TEXTURE_2D,
0,
gl::RGB as i32,
tex2.width() as i32,
tex2.height() as i32,
0,
gl::RGB,
gl::UNSIGNED_BYTE,
tex2.as_ptr() as *const c_void,
);
gl::GenerateMipmap(gl::TEXTURE_2D);
gl::ClearColor(0.2, 0.3, 0.3, 1.0);
shader.use_shader();
shader.set_int32("texture1", 0);
shader.set_int32("texture2", 1);
}
let mut last_frame = glfw.get_time();
while window.should_close() == false {
let curr_frame: f64 = glfw.get_time();
let delta_time: f64 = curr_frame - last_frame;
println!("{}", delta_time);
last_frame = curr_frame;
// process input
unsafe {
gl::Clear(gl::COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl::DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
gl::ActiveTexture(gl::TEXTURE0);
gl::BindTexture(gl::TEXTURE_2D, texture1);
gl::ActiveTexture(gl::TEXTURE1);
gl::BindTexture(gl::TEXTURE_2D, texture2);
let projection: glm::Mat4 = glm::ext::perspective::<f32>(
glm::radians(90.0),
800 as f32 / 600 as f32,
0.1,
100.0,
);
shader.set_mat4("projection", projection);
let view: glm::Mat4 = glm::ext::look_at::<f32>(
glm::vec3(0.0, 0.0, 3.0),
glm::vec3(0.0, 0.0, 3.0) + glm::vec3(0.0, 0.0, -1.0),
glm::vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
);
shader.set_mat4("view", view);
// println!("{:?}\n{:?}", view, projection);
shader.use_shader();
gl::BindVertexArray(vao);
let mut i: f32 = 0.0;
for cube in cube_positions.iter() {
let mut model: glm::Mat4 = glm::mat4(
1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0,
);
model = glm::ext::translate(&model, *cube);
let angle: f32 = 20.0 + i;
i += 1.0;
model = glm::ext::rotate(
&model,
glm::radians(angle) * glfw.get_time() as f32,
glm::vec3(1.0, 0.3, 0.5),
);
shader.set_mat4("model", model);
// println!("{:?}", model);
gl::DrawArrays(gl::TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
}
}
glfw.poll_events();
for (_, event) in glfw::flush_messages(&events) {
handle_window_event(&mut window, event);
}
window.swap_buffers();
}
unsafe {
gl::DeleteVertexArrays(1, &vao);
gl::DeleteBuffers(1, &vbo);
// glfw::ffi::glfwTerminate(); apparently not necessary
}
}
fn handle_window_event(window: &mut glfw::Window, event: glfw::WindowEvent) {
match event {
glfw::WindowEvent::Key(Key::Escape, _, Action::Press, _) => window.set_should_close(true),
_ => {}
}
}
fn load_gl_functions(window: &mut glfw::Window) {
gl::ClearColor::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glClearColor"));
gl::Clear::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glClear"));
gl::GenBuffers::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glGenBuffers"));
gl::GenVertexArrays::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glGenVertexArrays"));
gl::BindBuffer::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glBindBuffer"));
gl::BufferData::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glBufferData"));
gl::VertexAttribPointer::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glVertexAttribPointer"));
gl::EnableVertexAttribArray::load_with(|_s| {
window.get_proc_address("glEnableVertexAttribArray")
});
gl::BindVertexArray::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glBindVertexArray"));
gl::DeleteVertexArrays::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glDeleteVertexArrays"));
gl::DeleteBuffers::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glDeleteBuffers"));
gl::GenTextures::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glGenTextures"));
gl::TexParameteri::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glTexParameteri"));
gl::TexImage2D::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glTexImage2D"));
gl::BindTexture::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glBindTexture"));
gl::ActiveTexture::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glActiveTexture"));
gl::GenerateMipmap::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glGenerateMipmap"));
gl::Enable::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glEnable"));
gl::DrawArrays::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glDrawArrays"));
}
shader.rs
extern crate gl;
extern crate glfw;
extern crate glm;
pub mod shader {
pub struct Shader {
pub id: u32,
}
impl Shader {
pub fn create_shader(vert_file_path: &str, frag_file_path: &str, window: &mut glfw::Window) -> std::result::Result<Shader, std::io::Error> {
if gl::CreateProgram::is_loaded() == false {
let result = Shader::load_gl_procs(window);
if result == false {
return Err(std::io::Error::new(
std::io::ErrorKind::Other,
"ERROR::SHADER::CANNOT_LOAD_PROGRAMS",
));
}
}
let vert_text = std::fs::read_to_string(vert_file_path).expect("Unable to read vert file");
let vert_text_ptr = vert_text.as_ptr() as *const *const gl::types::GLchar;
let frag_text = std::fs::read_to_string(frag_file_path).expect("Unable to read frag file");
let frag_text_ptr = frag_text.as_ptr() as *const *const gl::types::GLchar;
//println!("{:?} \n{:?}", vert_text_ptr, frag_text_ptr);
let id: gl::types::GLuint;
unsafe {
let vert_shader = gl::CreateShader(gl::VERTEX_SHADER);
gl::ShaderSource(vert_shader, 1, vert_text_ptr, &0);
gl::CompileShader(vert_shader);
/* STATUS_ACCESS_VIOLATION error
let mut success: i32;
let mut info_log: [gl::types::GLchar; 512] = [0; 512];
gl::GetShaderiv(vert_shader, gl::COMPILE_STATUS, success as *mut i32);
println!("{:?}", success);
if success == 0 {
gl::GetShaderInfoLog(vert_shader, 512, 0 as *mut gl::types::GLsizei, &mut info_log[0]);
for i in info_log.iter() {
print!("{}", i);
}
} */
let frag_shader = gl::CreateShader(gl::FRAGMENT_SHADER);
gl::ShaderSource(frag_shader, 1, frag_text_ptr, &0);
gl::CompileShader(frag_shader);
id = gl::CreateProgram();
gl::AttachShader(id, vert_shader);
gl::AttachShader(id, frag_shader);
gl::LinkProgram(id);
gl::DeleteShader(vert_shader);
gl::DeleteShader(frag_shader);
}
let created_shader: Shader = Shader { id: id };
return Ok(created_shader);
}
pub fn load_gl_procs(window: &mut glfw::Window) -> bool {
gl::CreateShader::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glCreateShader"));
gl::ShaderSource::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glShaderSource"));
gl::CompileShader::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glCompileShader"));
gl::GetShaderiv::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glGetShaderiv"));
gl::CreateProgram::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glCreateProgram"));
gl::AttachShader::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glAttachShader"));
gl::LinkProgram::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glLinkProgram"));
gl::GetProgramiv::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glGetProgramiv"));
gl::GetShaderInfoLog::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glGetShaderInfoLog"));
gl::GetProgramInfoLog::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glGetProgramInfoLog"));
gl::DeleteShader::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glDeleteShader"));
gl::UseProgram::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glUseProgram"));
gl::Uniform1i::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glUniform1i"));
gl::Uniform1f::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glUniform1f"));
gl::UniformMatrix4fv::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glUniformMatrix4fv"));
gl::GetUniformLocation::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glGetUniformLocation"));
// TODO Check to see if all of these are loaded
return true;
}
pub unsafe fn use_shader(&self) {
gl::UseProgram(self.id as gl::types::GLuint);
}
pub unsafe fn set_bool(&self, name: &str, value: bool) {
gl::Uniform1i(gl::GetUniformLocation(self.id, name.as_ptr() as *const gl::types::GLchar), value as gl::types::GLint);
}
pub unsafe fn set_int32(&self, name: &str, value: i32) {
gl::Uniform1i(gl::GetUniformLocation(self.id, name.as_ptr() as *const gl::types::GLchar), value as gl::types::GLint);
}
pub unsafe fn set_float32(&self, name: &str, value: f32) {
gl::Uniform1f(gl::GetUniformLocation(self.id, name.as_ptr() as *const gl::types::GLchar), value as gl::types::GLfloat);
}
pub unsafe fn set_mat4(&self, name: &str, value: glm::Mat4) {
gl::UniformMatrix4fv(gl::GetUniformLocation(self.id, name.as_ptr() as *const gl::types::GLchar), 1, gl::FALSE, &value[0][0]);
}
}
}
vertShader.vert
#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec2 aTexCoord;
out vec2 TexCoord;
uniform mat4 model;
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 projection;
void main()
{
gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(aPos, 1.0);
TexCoord = aTexCoord;
}
fragShader.frag
#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;
in vec2 TexCoord;
uniform sampler2D texture1;
uniform sampler2D texture2;
void main()
{
// FragColor = vec4(ourColor, 1.0f);
FragColor = mix(texture(texture1, TexCoord), texture(texture2, TexCoord), 0.5);
}
我的程序实际上有两个主要问题，都是关于 CString 的。
问题 1：OpenGL 无法创建程序，因为我发送给它的文本没有空终止字符，因此必须将其重铸为带有一个的 CString。
let v_shader_code = CString::new(vert_text.as_bytes()).unwrap();
let f_shader_code = CString::new(frag_text.as_bytes()).unwrap();
问题 2："set_*()" 函数不起作用，因为该名称作为 &str 传递，没有空终止符。这也必须转换为 c 字符串。
pub unsafe fn set_bool(&self, name: &str, value: bool) {
gl::Uniform1i(gl::GetUniformLocation(self.id, CString::new(name).expect("Error converting &str to CString").as_c_str().as_ptr()), value as i32);
}
我正在尝试使用 Rust 绑定重新格式化我从 learnopengl.com 创建的 C++ 代码，但它并没有按预期工作。当我应该得到 10 个旋转纹理立方体时，我只得到一个黑色方块。
Here's an image of my output window whenever I run the application.
有人可以帮我找出问题所在吗？我无法理解它，它让我感到困惑。
代码很长，所以这里 link 到存储库，如果这样更容易阅读的话。 Github GLFW Repo
main.rs
extern crate gl;
extern crate glfw;
extern crate glm;
extern crate image;
mod shader;
// use glfw::ffi;
use gl::types::*;
use glfw::{Action, Context, Key};
use glm::*;
use std::ffi::c_void;
use std::mem::size_of;
use shader::shader::Shader;
fn main() {
let mut glfw = glfw::init(glfw::FAIL_ON_ERRORS).unwrap();
glfw.window_hint(glfw::WindowHint::ContextVersion(4, 3));
glfw.window_hint(glfw::WindowHint::OpenGlForwardCompat(true));
glfw.window_hint(glfw::WindowHint::OpenGlProfile(
glfw::OpenGlProfileHint::Core,
));
let (mut window, events) = glfw
.create_window(800, 600, "Hello this is window", glfw::WindowMode::Windowed)
.expect("Failed to create GLFW window.");
window.set_title("OpenGL Custom App");
window.set_key_polling(true);
window.make_current();
window.set_framebuffer_size_polling(true);
load_gl_functions(&mut window);
// ffi::glfwSetWindowSizeCallback(*window, cbfun: Option<GLFWwindowsizefun>);
// First three verticies, last two texture
let _vertices: [f32; 180] = [
-0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 1.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 1.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5,
-0.5, 1.0, 1.0, -0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 0.0, 1.0, -0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 0.0, 0.0, -0.5, -0.5, 0.5,
0.0, 0.0, 0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 1.0, -0.5,
0.5, 0.5, 0.0, 1.0, -0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 0.0, 0.0, -0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.0, -0.5, 0.5, -0.5,
1.0, 1.0, -0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 0.0, 1.0, -0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 0.0, 1.0, -0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 0.0,
0.0, -0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 1.0, 1.0, 0.5,
-0.5, -0.5, 0.0, 1.0, 0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 0.0, 1.0, 0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5,
1.0, 0.0, -0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 0.0, 1.0, 0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 1.0, 1.0, 0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.0,
0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.0, -0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 0.0, 0.0, -0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 0.0, 1.0, -0.5, 0.5,
-0.5, 0.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 1.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.0,
-0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.0, 0.0, -0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 0.0, 1.0,
];
let cube_positions: [Vec3; 10] = [
glm::vec3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
glm::vec3(2.0, 5.0, -15.0),
glm::vec3(-1.5, -2.2, -2.5),
glm::vec3(-3.8, -2.0, -12.3),
glm::vec3(2.4, -0.4, -3.5),
glm::vec3(-1.7, 3.0, -7.5),
glm::vec3(1.3, -2.0, -2.5),
glm::vec3(1.5, 2.0, -2.5),
glm::vec3(1.5, 0.2, -1.5),
glm::vec3(-1.3, 1.0, -1.5),
];
let mut vbo: GLuint = 0;
let mut vao: GLuint = 0;
let mut texture1: u32 = 0;
let mut texture2: u32 = 0;
let shader = Shader::create_shader(
"src/shaders/vertShader.vert",
"src/shaders/fragShader.frag",
&mut window,
)
.expect("There was an error creating the program.");
unsafe {
gl::Enable(gl::DEPTH_TEST);
// Vertices pointer
gl::GenBuffers(1, &mut vbo);
gl::GenVertexArrays(1, &mut vao);
gl::BindVertexArray(vao);
gl::BindBuffer(gl::ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
gl::BufferData(
gl::ARRAY_BUFFER,
size_of::<[f32; 180]>() as isize,
_vertices.as_ptr() as *const c_void,
gl::STATIC_DRAW,
);
// Vertext pointer
gl::VertexAttribPointer(
0,
3,
gl::FLOAT,
gl::FALSE,
5 * size_of::<f32>() as i32,
0 as *const c_void,
);
gl::EnableVertexAttribArray(0);
// Texture pointer
gl::VertexAttribPointer(
1,
2,
gl::FLOAT,
gl::FALSE,
5 * size_of::<f32>() as i32,
(3 * size_of::<f32>()) as *const c_void,
);
gl::EnableVertexAttribArray(1);
// Bind textures
gl::GenTextures(1, &mut texture1 as *mut u32);
gl::ActiveTexture(gl::TEXTURE0);
gl::BindTexture(gl::TEXTURE_2D, texture1);
gl::TexParameteri(
gl::TEXTURE_2D,
gl::TEXTURE_WRAP_S,
gl::MIRRORED_REPEAT as i32,
);
gl::TexParameteri(
gl::TEXTURE_2D,
gl::TEXTURE_WRAP_R,
gl::MIRRORED_REPEAT as i32,
);
gl::TexParameteri(gl::TEXTURE_2D, gl::TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl::LINEAR as i32);
gl::TexParameteri(
gl::TEXTURE_2D,
gl::TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,
gl::LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR as i32,
);
let tex1 = image::open("E:\Repos\Rust\RSOpenGL\src\textures\wall.jpg")
.expect("Failed to load image.")
.into_rgb();
gl::TexImage2D(
gl::TEXTURE_2D,
0,
gl::RGB as i32,
tex1.width() as i32,
tex1.height() as i32,
0,
gl::RGB,
gl::UNSIGNED_BYTE,
tex1.as_ptr() as *const c_void,
);
gl::GenerateMipmap(gl::TEXTURE_2D);
// Texture 2
gl::GenTextures(1, &mut texture2 as *mut u32);
gl::ActiveTexture(gl::TEXTURE1);
gl::BindTexture(gl::TEXTURE_2D, texture2);
gl::TexParameteri(
gl::TEXTURE_2D,
gl::TEXTURE_WRAP_S,
gl::MIRRORED_REPEAT as i32,
);
gl::TexParameteri(
gl::TEXTURE_2D,
gl::TEXTURE_WRAP_R,
gl::MIRRORED_REPEAT as i32,
);
gl::TexParameteri(gl::TEXTURE_2D, gl::TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl::LINEAR as i32);
gl::TexParameteri(
gl::TEXTURE_2D,
gl::TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,
gl::LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR as i32,
);
let tex2 = image::open("E:\Repos\Rust\RSOpenGL\src\textures\awesomeface.png")
.expect("Failed to load image.")
.into_rgb();
gl::TexImage2D(
gl::TEXTURE_2D,
0,
gl::RGB as i32,
tex2.width() as i32,
tex2.height() as i32,
0,
gl::RGB,
gl::UNSIGNED_BYTE,
tex2.as_ptr() as *const c_void,
);
gl::GenerateMipmap(gl::TEXTURE_2D);
gl::ClearColor(0.2, 0.3, 0.3, 1.0);
shader.use_shader();
shader.set_int32("texture1", 0);
shader.set_int32("texture2", 1);
}
let mut last_frame = glfw.get_time();
while window.should_close() == false {
let curr_frame: f64 = glfw.get_time();
let delta_time: f64 = curr_frame - last_frame;
println!("{}", delta_time);
last_frame = curr_frame;
// process input
unsafe {
gl::Clear(gl::COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl::DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
gl::ActiveTexture(gl::TEXTURE0);
gl::BindTexture(gl::TEXTURE_2D, texture1);
gl::ActiveTexture(gl::TEXTURE1);
gl::BindTexture(gl::TEXTURE_2D, texture2);
let projection: glm::Mat4 = glm::ext::perspective::<f32>(
glm::radians(90.0),
800 as f32 / 600 as f32,
0.1,
100.0,
);
shader.set_mat4("projection", projection);
let view: glm::Mat4 = glm::ext::look_at::<f32>(
glm::vec3(0.0, 0.0, 3.0),
glm::vec3(0.0, 0.0, 3.0) + glm::vec3(0.0, 0.0, -1.0),
glm::vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
);
shader.set_mat4("view", view);
// println!("{:?}\n{:?}", view, projection);
shader.use_shader();
gl::BindVertexArray(vao);
let mut i: f32 = 0.0;
for cube in cube_positions.iter() {
let mut model: glm::Mat4 = glm::mat4(
1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0,
);
model = glm::ext::translate(&model, *cube);
let angle: f32 = 20.0 + i;
i += 1.0;
model = glm::ext::rotate(
&model,
glm::radians(angle) * glfw.get_time() as f32,
glm::vec3(1.0, 0.3, 0.5),
);
shader.set_mat4("model", model);
// println!("{:?}", model);
gl::DrawArrays(gl::TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
}
}
glfw.poll_events();
for (_, event) in glfw::flush_messages(&events) {
handle_window_event(&mut window, event);
}
window.swap_buffers();
}
unsafe {
gl::DeleteVertexArrays(1, &vao);
gl::DeleteBuffers(1, &vbo);
// glfw::ffi::glfwTerminate(); apparently not necessary
}
}
fn handle_window_event(window: &mut glfw::Window, event: glfw::WindowEvent) {
match event {
glfw::WindowEvent::Key(Key::Escape, _, Action::Press, _) => window.set_should_close(true),
_ => {}
}
}
fn load_gl_functions(window: &mut glfw::Window) {
gl::ClearColor::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glClearColor"));
gl::Clear::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glClear"));
gl::GenBuffers::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glGenBuffers"));
gl::GenVertexArrays::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glGenVertexArrays"));
gl::BindBuffer::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glBindBuffer"));
gl::BufferData::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glBufferData"));
gl::VertexAttribPointer::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glVertexAttribPointer"));
gl::EnableVertexAttribArray::load_with(|_s| {
window.get_proc_address("glEnableVertexAttribArray")
});
gl::BindVertexArray::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glBindVertexArray"));
gl::DeleteVertexArrays::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glDeleteVertexArrays"));
gl::DeleteBuffers::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glDeleteBuffers"));
gl::GenTextures::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glGenTextures"));
gl::TexParameteri::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glTexParameteri"));
gl::TexImage2D::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glTexImage2D"));
gl::BindTexture::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glBindTexture"));
gl::ActiveTexture::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glActiveTexture"));
gl::GenerateMipmap::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glGenerateMipmap"));
gl::Enable::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glEnable"));
gl::DrawArrays::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glDrawArrays"));
}
shader.rs
extern crate gl;
extern crate glfw;
extern crate glm;
pub mod shader {
pub struct Shader {
pub id: u32,
}
impl Shader {
pub fn create_shader(vert_file_path: &str, frag_file_path: &str, window: &mut glfw::Window) -> std::result::Result<Shader, std::io::Error> {
if gl::CreateProgram::is_loaded() == false {
let result = Shader::load_gl_procs(window);
if result == false {
return Err(std::io::Error::new(
std::io::ErrorKind::Other,
"ERROR::SHADER::CANNOT_LOAD_PROGRAMS",
));
}
}
let vert_text = std::fs::read_to_string(vert_file_path).expect("Unable to read vert file");
let vert_text_ptr = vert_text.as_ptr() as *const *const gl::types::GLchar;
let frag_text = std::fs::read_to_string(frag_file_path).expect("Unable to read frag file");
let frag_text_ptr = frag_text.as_ptr() as *const *const gl::types::GLchar;
//println!("{:?} \n{:?}", vert_text_ptr, frag_text_ptr);
let id: gl::types::GLuint;
unsafe {
let vert_shader = gl::CreateShader(gl::VERTEX_SHADER);
gl::ShaderSource(vert_shader, 1, vert_text_ptr, &0);
gl::CompileShader(vert_shader);
/* STATUS_ACCESS_VIOLATION error
let mut success: i32;
let mut info_log: [gl::types::GLchar; 512] = [0; 512];
gl::GetShaderiv(vert_shader, gl::COMPILE_STATUS, success as *mut i32);
println!("{:?}", success);
if success == 0 {
gl::GetShaderInfoLog(vert_shader, 512, 0 as *mut gl::types::GLsizei, &mut info_log[0]);
for i in info_log.iter() {
print!("{}", i);
}
} */
let frag_shader = gl::CreateShader(gl::FRAGMENT_SHADER);
gl::ShaderSource(frag_shader, 1, frag_text_ptr, &0);
gl::CompileShader(frag_shader);
id = gl::CreateProgram();
gl::AttachShader(id, vert_shader);
gl::AttachShader(id, frag_shader);
gl::LinkProgram(id);
gl::DeleteShader(vert_shader);
gl::DeleteShader(frag_shader);
}
let created_shader: Shader = Shader { id: id };
return Ok(created_shader);
}
pub fn load_gl_procs(window: &mut glfw::Window) -> bool {
gl::CreateShader::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glCreateShader"));
gl::ShaderSource::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glShaderSource"));
gl::CompileShader::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glCompileShader"));
gl::GetShaderiv::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glGetShaderiv"));
gl::CreateProgram::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glCreateProgram"));
gl::AttachShader::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glAttachShader"));
gl::LinkProgram::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glLinkProgram"));
gl::GetProgramiv::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glGetProgramiv"));
gl::GetShaderInfoLog::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glGetShaderInfoLog"));
gl::GetProgramInfoLog::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glGetProgramInfoLog"));
gl::DeleteShader::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glDeleteShader"));
gl::UseProgram::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glUseProgram"));
gl::Uniform1i::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glUniform1i"));
gl::Uniform1f::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glUniform1f"));
gl::UniformMatrix4fv::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glUniformMatrix4fv"));
gl::GetUniformLocation::load_with(|_s| window.get_proc_address("glGetUniformLocation"));
// TODO Check to see if all of these are loaded
return true;
}
pub unsafe fn use_shader(&self) {
gl::UseProgram(self.id as gl::types::GLuint);
}
pub unsafe fn set_bool(&self, name: &str, value: bool) {
gl::Uniform1i(gl::GetUniformLocation(self.id, name.as_ptr() as *const gl::types::GLchar), value as gl::types::GLint);
}
pub unsafe fn set_int32(&self, name: &str, value: i32) {
gl::Uniform1i(gl::GetUniformLocation(self.id, name.as_ptr() as *const gl::types::GLchar), value as gl::types::GLint);
}
pub unsafe fn set_float32(&self, name: &str, value: f32) {
gl::Uniform1f(gl::GetUniformLocation(self.id, name.as_ptr() as *const gl::types::GLchar), value as gl::types::GLfloat);
}
pub unsafe fn set_mat4(&self, name: &str, value: glm::Mat4) {
gl::UniformMatrix4fv(gl::GetUniformLocation(self.id, name.as_ptr() as *const gl::types::GLchar), 1, gl::FALSE, &value[0][0]);
}
}
}
vertShader.vert
#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec2 aTexCoord;
out vec2 TexCoord;
uniform mat4 model;
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 projection;
void main()
{
gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(aPos, 1.0);
TexCoord = aTexCoord;
}
fragShader.frag
#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;
in vec2 TexCoord;
uniform sampler2D texture1;
uniform sampler2D texture2;
void main()
{
// FragColor = vec4(ourColor, 1.0f);
FragColor = mix(texture(texture1, TexCoord), texture(texture2, TexCoord), 0.5);
}
我的程序实际上有两个主要问题，都是关于 CString 的。
问题 1：OpenGL 无法创建程序，因为我发送给它的文本没有空终止字符，因此必须将其重铸为带有一个的 CString。
let v_shader_code = CString::new(vert_text.as_bytes()).unwrap();
let f_shader_code = CString::new(frag_text.as_bytes()).unwrap();
问题 2："set_*()" 函数不起作用，因为该名称作为 &str 传递，没有空终止符。这也必须转换为 c 字符串。
pub unsafe fn set_bool(&self, name: &str, value: bool) {
gl::Uniform1i(gl::GetUniformLocation(self.id, CString::new(name).expect("Error converting &str to CString").as_c_str().as_ptr()), value as i32);
}