xml validation failed with attribute required and attribute not allowed 错误，这是不明确的

Question

我已经为 XML

定义了以下架构

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
                    targetNamespace="http://www.learnjava.com"
                    xmlns="http://www.learnjava.com"
                    elementFormDefault="qualified"
                    attributeFormDefault="qualified">

    <!-- simple elements -->
    <xs:element name="name" type="xs:string"/>
    <xs:element name="hod" type="xs:string"/>
    <xs:element name="dept" type="xs:integer"/>

    <!-- attributes -->
    <xs:attribute name="id" type="xs:integer"/>

    <!-- complex elements -->
    <xs:element name="department">
        <xs:complexType>
            <xs:sequence>
                <xs:element ref="name"/>
                <xs:element ref="hod" minOccurs="0"/>
            </xs:sequence>
            <xs:attribute ref="id" use="required"/>
        </xs:complexType>
    </xs:element>
    <xs:element name="departments">
        <xs:complexType>
            <xs:sequence>
                <xs:element ref="department"  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
            </xs:sequence>
        </xs:complexType>
    </xs:element>
    <xs:element name="student">
        <xs:complexType>
            <xs:sequence>
                <xs:element ref="name"/>
                <xs:element ref="dept"/>
            </xs:sequence>
            <xs:attribute ref="id" use="required"/>
        </xs:complexType>
    </xs:element>
    <xs:element name="students">
        <xs:complexType>
            <xs:sequence>
                <xs:element ref="student"  maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
            </xs:sequence>
        </xs:complexType>
    </xs:element>
    <xs:element name="school">
        <xs:complexType>
            <xs:sequence>
                <xs:element ref="name"/>
                <xs:element ref="departments"/>
                <xs:element ref="students"/>
            </xs:sequence>
        </xs:complexType>
    </xs:element>

</xs:schema>

根据架构，<department> 和 <student> 标签需要 id 属性，我下面的 XML 遵守此规则

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<school xmlns="http://www.learnjava.com"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.learnjava.com ex2.xsd">
    <name>TAMUC</name>
    <departments>
        <department id="1001">
            <name>Computer Science</name>
        </department>
        <department id="1002">
            <name>Social Science</name>
            <hod>Jeff</hod>
        </department>
    </departments>
    <students>
        <student id="5001">
            <name>Frank</name>
            <dept>1001</dept>
        </student>
        <student id="5002">
            <name>Paul</name>
            <dept>1001</dept>
        </student>
    </students>
</school>

但是验证失败并出现以下错误

Error - Line 7, 25: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 7; columnNumber: 25; cvc-complex-type.3.2.2: Attribute 'id' is not allowed to appear in element 'department'.
Error - Line 7, 25: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 7; columnNumber: 25; cvc-complex-type.4: Attribute 'id' must appear on element 'department'.
[..further errors omited...]

不确定哪里出了问题。两种错误信息都是矛盾的

如果我删除 "id" 属性以及我拥有它时验证失败

我有一个变通办法来完成这项工作，方法是像下面那样修改 XSD

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
                    targetNamespace="http://www.learnjava.com"
                    xmlns="http://www.learnjava.com"
                    elementFormDefault="qualified">
    <xs:element name="school">
        <xs:complexType>
            <xs:sequence>
                <xs:element name="name" type="xs:string"/>
                <xs:element name="departments">
                    <xs:complexType>
                        <xs:sequence>
                            <xs:element name="department" maxOccurs="unbounded">
                                <xs:complexType>
                                    <xs:sequence>
                                        <xs:element name="name" type="xs:string"/>
                                        <xs:element name="hod" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0"/>
                                    </xs:sequence>
                                    <xs:attribute name="id" type="xs:integer"/>
                                </xs:complexType>
                            </xs:element>
                        </xs:sequence>
                    </xs:complexType>
                </xs:element>
                <xs:element name="students">
                    <xs:complexType>
                        <xs:sequence>
                            <xs:element name="student" maxOccurs="unbounded">
                                <xs:complexType>
                                    <xs:sequence>
                                        <xs:element name="name" type="xs:string"/>
                                        <xs:element name="dept" type="xs:integer"/>
                                    </xs:sequence>
                                    <xs:attribute name="id" type="xs:integer"/>
                                </xs:complexType>
                            </xs:element>
                        </xs:sequence>
                    </xs:complexType>
                </xs:element>
            </xs:sequence>
        </xs:complexType>
    </xs:element>
</xs:schema>

但是作为一个XML新手，我很好奇之前的XSD

哪里出了问题

PS:
1. 我正在使用 http://www.utilities-online.info/xsdvalidation/#.VYpP8vmqqko 来验证 XML 针对 XSD.
2. 我在 Altova XML Spy 编辑器中也观察到了同样的错误。

Answer 1

问题是属性 id 已声明为全局属性（xs:schema 的直接子项）。因此，属性 id 应该使用命名空间 http://www.learnjava.com. 进行限定注意 id 与 http://www.learnjava.com:id 不同如果您不希望属性 id 属于命名空间：

你应该使用本地属性声明

在您的架构文档中，更改

 <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
                targetNamespace="http://www.learnjava.com"
                xmlns="http://www.learnjava.com"
                elementFormDefault="qualified"
                attributeFormDefault="qualified">

到

     <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
                    targetNamespace="http://www.learnjava.com"
                    xmlns="http://www.learnjava.com"
                    elementFormDefault="qualified"
                   >

更新：

如果您想使用全局属性声明，那么您的 xml 实例文档将如下所示：

<p:school xmlns:p="http://www.learnjava.com"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.learnjava.com ex2.xsd">
    <p:name>TAMUC</p:name>
    <p:departments>
        <p:department p:id="1001">
            <p:name>Computer Science</p:name>

        </p:department>
        <p:department p:id="1002">
            <p:name>Social Science</p:name>
            <p:hod>Jeff</p:hod>
        </p:department>
    </p:departments>
    <p:students>
        <p:student p:id="5001">
            <p:name>Frank</p:name>
            <p:dept>1001</p:dept>
        </p:student>
        <p:student p:id="5002">
            <p:name>Paul</p:name>
            <p:dept>1001</p:dept>
        </p:student>
    </p:students>
</p:school>

xml validation failed with attribute required and attribute not allowed 错误，这是不明确的

xml validation failed with attribute required and attribute not allowed error, which is ambiguous

java

xml

validation

xsd