'InputType[]' 类型的参数不可分配给 'GenericType[]' 类型的参数打字稿

Argument of type 'InputType[]' is not assignable to parameter of type 'GenericType[]' Typescript

我的目的是编写一个辅助函数,其目的是根据作为第二个参数传递的 key 按字母顺序对对象数组(第一个参数)进行动态排序。

函数:

interface GenericObject {
  [key: string]: string;
}

export const sortAlphabetically = (array: Array<GenericObject>, sortBy: keyof GenericObject) => {
  let isKeyValid = false;
  
  // check the key exists in the object before attempting to sort by it
  if (array.length > 0) {
    isKeyValid = array.every(obj => Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, sortBy)  && typeof obj[sortBy] === 'string');
  }

  if (isKeyValid) {
    array.sort((a: GenericObject, b: GenericObject) =>
      a[sortBy].toLowerCase() < b[sortBy].toLowerCase()
        ? -1
        : a[sortBy].toLowerCase() > b[sortBy].toLowerCase()
        ? 1
        : 0,
    );
    return array;
  } else {
    return;
  }
};

所以现在,即使在能够测试我的功能之前,如果我尝试这样做:

export interface Person {
  name: string;
  surname: string;
} 

const people: Person[] = [
{name: 'John', surname: 'Smith'},
{name: 'Tony', surname: 'Denver'},
{name: 'Mary', surname: 'Howard'},
]

sortAlphabetically(people, 'name');

或者这个:

export interface Car {
  model: string;
  make: string;
} 

const cars: Car[] = [
{model: 'Golf', make: 'Volkswagen'},
{model: 'X1', make: 'BMW'},
{model: 'Clio', make: 'Renault'},
]

sortAlphabetically(cars, 'make');

我收到错误: TS2345: Argument of type 'Person[]' is not assignable to parameter of type 'GenericObject[]'.   Type 'Person' is not assignable to type 'GenericObject'. Index signature is missing in type 'Person'. Car[].

也是如此

作为一个辅助函数,关键是它需要适应any类型的对象,将在数组内部传递,而不抱怨类型。 因此,我很确定问题出在我定义 GenericObject.

的方式上

有人可以指出我在这里遗漏了什么吗?非常感谢。

首先,您不能将 Person 转换为 GenericObject,因为 PersonGenericObject 只允许 string 个值。

其次,关于您遇到的错误有一个未解决的问题

https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/15300

您应该将 interface 替换为 type


playground

type GenericObject = {
  [key: string]: string | number;
}

export const sortAlphabetically = (array: Array<GenericObject>, sortBy: keyof GenericObject) => {
  // Whatever
};

export type Person = {
  name: string;
  id: number;
}; 

const people: Person[] = [
{name: 'John', id: 1},
{name: 'Tony', id: 2},
{name: 'Mary', id: 3},
]

sortAlphabetically(people, 'name');

嗯,首先要说的是正确实现会很麻烦

你要找的是:

  1. 传递数组
  2. 传递属于字符串的键属性
  3. 按该键对数组进行排序。

对于上面的那些你需要做一些事情:

  • 缩小关键参数以仅允许字符串属性
    • GenericObject类型不足以单独提供
    • 您需要一些仅过滤字符串属性的 type-mapper
  • 由于 GenericObjectPerson 类型之间没有关系,因此您不能进行此转换:array.sort((a: GenericObject, b: GenericObject)
  • 如果将该数组类型概括为 any 左右类型,那么这将不起作用:a[sortBy].toLowerCase() 因为 .toLowerCase() 必须适用于任何类型的对象 属性. 所以你需要一个类型保护来将 属性 缩小为 GenericObject

所以 TL;DR

interface GenericObject {
  [key: string]: string;
}
type FilterFlags<Base, Condition> = {
  [Key in keyof Base]:
  Base[Key] extends Condition ? Key : never
};
type AllowedNames<Base, Condition> =
  FilterFlags<Base, Condition>[keyof Base];
  
type SubType<Base, Condition> =
  Pick<Base, AllowedNames<Base, Condition>>;

export function sort<T>(array: Array<T>, sortBy: keyof SubType<T, string>) {
  let isKeyValid = false;

  // check the key exists in the object before attempting to sort by it
  if (array.length > 0) {
    isKeyValid = array.every(obj => Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, sortBy));
  }

  if (isKeyValid) {
    array.sort((a, b) =>
      (isGeneric(a, sortBy) && isGeneric(b, sortBy)) ? // narrow down type to GenericObject so that .toLowerCase becomes valid here
        a[sortBy].toLowerCase() < b[sortBy].toLowerCase()
          ? -1
          : a[sortBy].toLowerCase() > b[sortBy].toLowerCase()
            ? 1
            : 0 : 
            1 // this shouldn't be happening
    );
    return array;
  } else {
    return;
  }
};

const isGeneric = (a: any, key: keyof typeof a): a is GenericObject =>
  typeof a[key] === "string";

export interface Person {
  id: number;
  name: string;
}

const people: Person[] = [
  { name: 'John', id: 1 },
  { name: 'Tony', id: 2 },
  { name: 'Mary', id: 3 },
]

sort(people, "name"); // this won't allow passing "id" as parameter

Playground Link

SubType 类型映射器取自 here