promise 的意外 unhandledRejection 事件确实得到处理

Unexpected unhandledRejection event for promise which rejection does get handled

已更新,我现在已经在 Reddit 上尝试 , but it'd still be great to have an answer from a credible source about the unhandledRejection behavor. I've also started a discussion thread


为什么我会在以下代码中收到 unhandledRejection 事件(对于“error f1”)?这是出乎意料的,因为我在 main.

finally 部分处理了两次拒绝

我在 Node (v14.13.1) 和 Chrome (v86.0.4240.75) 中看到相同的行为:

window.addEventListener("unhandledrejection", event => {
  console.warn(`unhandledRejection: ${event.reason.message}`);
});

function delay(ms) {
  return new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, ms));
}

async function f1() {
  await delay(100);
  throw new Error("error f1");
}

async function f2() {
  await delay(200);
  throw new Error("error f2");
}

async function main() {
  // start all at once
  const [p1, p2] = [f1(), f2()];
  try {
    await p2;
    // do something after p2 is settled
    await p1;
    // do something after p1 is settled
  }
  finally {
    await p1.catch(e => console.warn(`caught on p1: ${e.message}`));
    await p2.catch(e => console.warn(`caught on p2: ${e.message}`));
  }
}

main().catch(e => console.warn(`caught on main: ${e.message}`));

你应该使用 try...catch 来捕获你的 try 块中发生的所有错误:

try {
    await p2;
    // do something after p2 is settled
    await p1;
    // do something after p1 is settled
  }
catch(e) {
  // do something with errors e
}

编辑:

window.addEventListener("unhandledrejection", event => {
  console.warn(`unhandledRejection: ${event.reason.message}`);
});

function delay(ms) {
  return new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, ms));
}

async function f1() {
  await delay(100);
  throw new Error("error f1");
}

async function main() {
  try {
  const p1 = await f1();
  await delay(200);
  }
  catch(e) {
    console.warn(`caught inside main: ${e.message}`);
  }
}

main().catch(e => console.warn(`caught on main: ${e.message}`));

好的,自言自语。我误解了 unhandledrejection 事件的实际运作方式。

我来自 .NET,如果任务仍未被观察到,失败的 Task 对象 can remain unobserved until it gets garbage-collected. Only then UnobservedTaskException 将被触发。

JavaScript 承诺的情况有所不同。被拒绝的 Promise 没有 已附加的拒绝处理程序(通过 thencatchawaitPromise.all/race/allSettle/any),需要一个尽早,否则unhandledrejection事件可能被触发。

什么时候 unhandledrejection 会被解雇,如果有的话?这好像真的是implementation-specific。关于“未处理的承诺拒绝”的 W3C 规范 do not strictly specify 当用户代理通知拒绝的承诺时

为了安全起见,我会在当前函数将执行控制权交给调用者之前同步附加处理程序(通过 returnthrowawaityield).

例如,以下不会触发 unhandledrejection,因为 await 延续处理程序同步附加到 p1,就在 p1 承诺创建之后处于已经被拒绝的状态。有道理:

window.addEventListener("unhandledrejection", event => {
  console.warn(`unhandledRejection: ${event.reason.message}`);
});

async function main() {
  const p1 = Promise.reject(new Error("Rejected!")); 
  await p1;
}

main().catch(e => console.warn(`caught on main: ${e.message}`));

以下仍然不会触发 unhandledrejection,即使我们将 await 处理程序异步附加到 p1。我只能推测,这可能会发生,因为已解决承诺的延续发布为 microtask:

window.addEventListener("unhandledrejection", event => {
  console.warn(`unhandledRejection: ${event.reason.message}`);
});

async function main() {
  const p1 = Promise.reject(new Error("Rejected!")); 
  await Promise.resolve(r => queueMicrotask(r));
  // or we could just do: await Promise.resolve();
  await p1;
}

main().catch(e => console.warn(`caught on main: ${e.message}`));

Node.js(发布时 v14.14.0)is consistent 与浏览器行为。

现在,下面的 触发 unhandledrejection 事件。同样,我可以推测这是因为 await 延续处理程序现在异步附加到 p1 并且在事件循环的某些后续迭代中,当处理 task (macrotask) 队列时:

window.addEventListener("unhandledrejection", event => {
  console.warn(`unhandledRejection: ${event.reason.message}`);
});

async function main() {
  const p1 = Promise.reject(new Error("Rejected!")); 
  await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 0));
  await p1;
}

main().catch(e => console.warn(`caught on main: ${e.message}`));

我个人觉得这整个行为令人困惑。我喜欢 .NET 方法更好地观察 Task 结果。我可以想到很多情况,当我真的想保留对承诺的引用然后 await 它并在稍后的时间表上捕获任何错误以解决或拒绝它。

就是说,有一种简单的方法 可以在不引起 unhandledrejection 事件的情况下获得此示例所需的行为:

window.addEventListener("unhandledrejection", event => {
  console.warn(`unhandledRejection: ${event.reason.message}`);
});

async function main() {
  const p1 = Promise.reject(new Error("Rejected!"));
  p1.catch(console.debug); // observe but ignore the error here
  try {
    await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 0));
  }
  finally {
    await p1; // throw the error here
  }
}

main().catch(e => console.warn(`caught on main: ${e.message}`));

我没有来源,但我认为它是这样工作的: Promise.reject(new Error("Rejected!")); return 是一个被拒绝的承诺,下一个 tick 将出错。 所以:

async function main3() {
    //this wil throw the error next tick
    const p1 = Promise.reject(new Error("Rejected!")); 
    //this will run immediately and attach the await to the promise (so it will not be rejected)
    await p1;
}

然后 Promise.resolve 将 return 其结果发送给所有 .then 处理程序下一个 tick(我们没有它们,因为不会将结果存储在任何地方) 所以:

async function main() {
    //this wil throw the error next tick
    const p1 = Promise.reject(new Error("Rejected!")); 
    //this will run immediately (and would give its value next tick)
    await Promise.resolve();
    //then this will run immediately and attach the await to the promise
    await p1;
}

最后,延迟为 0 的 setTimeout 不会立即触发,检查:https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/EventLoop 并阅读 0 延迟部分 所以:

async function main2() {
    //this wil throw the error next tick
    const p1 = Promise.reject(new Error("Rejected!"));  
    //setTimeout does with 0 does run not immediately.
    //because of this the await p1 does not get added before the promise is rejected
    await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 0));
    //so this does nothing and the prosime will reject
    await p1;
}