打印数组中的第一个元素

Printing off the first element in a array

我不确定为什么在尝试查看正在打印的索引 teacher.first 时出现段错误。 我使用 strcpy 将字符串 Adam 放在一个 char 类型的数组中,即在一个结构中。但是我不确定为什么当我试图查看索引 0 处的内容时它会给我一个段错误。

我的假设:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

struct person { /*  p e r s o n  i s name f o r s t r u c t u r e t y p e */
  char first[32]; /* f i r s t f i e l d o f s t r u c t u r e i s a r r a y o f
                     c h a r */
  char last[32]; /* s e c o n d f i e l d i s a r r a y o f c h a r */
  int year;      /* t h i r d f i e l d i s i n t */
  double ppg;    /* f o u r t h f i e l d i s d o u b l e */
}; /* e n d i n g ; means end o f s t r u c t u r e t y p e d e f i n i t i o n */

void printperson(struct person personinstance) {
  printf("Printing struct person properties : \n");
  printf("First and last name : %s %s.\n", personinstance.first,
         personinstance.last);
  printf("Year:%d.\n", personinstance.year);
  printf(" Points per game : %lf .\n", personinstance.ppg);
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
  struct person teacher;
  int i;
  teacher.year = 2005;
  teacher.ppg = 10.4;
  strcpy(teacher.first, "Adam");
  strcpy(teacher.last, "Hoover");
  /*Why'd I get a segment fault. You get segment faults when you're trying to
  access memory
  that doesn't exist. **/
  // Segment fault:  --> printf("first element of teacher first is: %s\n",
  // teacher.first[0]);
  // Whats at the first index of the array?
  printperson(teacher);
  printf("\n");
  printf("first element of teacher first is: %s\n", teacher.first[0]);
}

在评论中,您建议这行代码导致分段错误:

printf("first element of teacher first is: %s\n", teacher.first[0]);

格式说明符 %s 需要 c-string 作为参数,而不是单个字符。要打印单个字符,请使用 %c.

顺便说一句...

如果您的编译器没有对此报错,请获取更新的编译器以帮助您注意到这些错误。例如,clang-7 报告:

main.c:31:53: warning: format specifies type 'char *' but
      the argument has type 'char' [-Wformat]
  ...of teacher first is: %s\n", teacher.first[0]);
                          ~~     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                          %c