多个模型的通用 API 声明

Question

在用Django开发JWT应用的过程中，注意到CRUDAPIView的声明模式，如：

class Create(generics.CreateAPIView):
    queryset = <some django model>.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializer # <some serializer class>


class Read(generics.ListAPIView):
    queryset = <some django model>.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializer # <some serializer class>


class Update(generics.RetrieveUpdateAPIView):
    queryset = <some django model>.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializer # <some serializer class>


class Delete(generics.DestroyAPIView):
    queryset = <some django model>.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializer # <some serializer class>

考虑到我的具体项目有 7 个模型必须具备这些功能，而不是声明上述 class 的 28 个版本，我认为如果有一个 class 如：

class Create(generics.CreateAPIView):
    def __init__(self, model, serializer):
        self.queryset = model.objects.all()
        self.serializer_class = serializer
        super().__init__()


class Read(generics.ListAPIView):
    def __init__(self, model, serializer):
        self.queryset = model.objects.all()
        self.serializer_class = serializer
        super().__init__()


class Update(generics.RetrieveUpdateAPIView):
    def __init__(self, model, serializer):
        self.queryset = model.objects.all()
        self.serializer_class = serializer
        super().__init__()


class Delete(generics.DestroyAPIView):
    def __init__(self, model, serializer):
        self.queryset = model.objects.all()
        self.serializer_class = serializer
        super().__init__()

class CRUD:
    """Base class for CRUD Operations"""

    def __init__(self, model, serializer):
        self.create = Create(model, serializer)
        self.read = Read(model, serializer)
        self.update = Update(model, serializer)
        self.delete = Delete(model, serializer)

接下来是那些 instaciations:

Reg_API = CRUD(Registry, RegistrySerializer)
Tag_API = CRUD(Tag, TagSerializer)
# etc

如果我在 python manage.py shell 上进行测试，实例 Reg_API.create.queryset returns 正是我所需要的。但是如果我运行 python manage.py runserver 并尝试访问路由，我会得到 __init__() missing 2 required positional arguments: 'model' and 'serializer'...

在 urls.py 我的路线定义为：

from .crud import Reg_API

urlpatterns = [
    path('api/registry/create', Reg_API.create.as_view())
]

所以我想知道这里缺少什么。我忘记了什么，或者出于某种原因我应该遵循 28 条声明方式？

Answer 1

您正在尝试重新设计一项已有的功能。您想要实现的目标已经存在于 DRF 中并称为 viewset。对于您的情况，此代码足以用于整个注册表 CRUD API:

from rest_framework import viewsets


class RegistryViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Registry.objects.all()
    serializer_class = RegistrySerializer

然后在你的 urls.py:

from myapp.views import RegistryViewSet
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter

router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'registry', RegistryViewSet, basename='registry')
urlpatterns = router.urls

多个模型的通用 API 声明

Generalized API declaration for multiple models

python

django

rest

crud

django-rest-framework