如何在将 类 分成 .h 和 .cpp 文件时使用聚合?

how can i use aggregation while separating my classes into a .h and .cpp files?

上下文

我的教授给了我一个任务,让我使用 2 个 classes 之间的聚合来制作一个程序,同时将 classes 分成 .h.cpp 文件。

我的解决方案

包含 class 声明的头文件:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class medicalCompany {
private:
    string ceoName;
    string email;
    string phoneNumber;
    string locate;
public:
    medicalCompany();
    void Name(string n);
    void mail(string m);
    void phone(string p);
    void location(string l);
    ~medicalCompany();

};
class origin {
private:
    medicalCompany country;
    
public:
    origin();
    void address();
    ~origin();

};

和我的 .cpp 文件:

#include <iostream>
#include "function.h"
#include <string>
using namespace std;
medicalCompany::medicalCompany() {
    cout << "OUR COMPANY IS GLAD TO BE OF SERVICE !" << endl;
    cout << "****************************************************" << endl;
}
void medicalCompany::Name(string n){
    ceoName = n;
    cout << "OUR CEO IS " << endl;
    cout<< ceoName << endl;
    cout << "****************************************************" << endl;
}
void medicalCompany::mail(string m) {
    email = m;
    cout << "USE OUR EMAIL TO CONTACT US : " << endl;
    cout<< email << endl;
    cout << "****************************************************" << endl;
}
void medicalCompany::phone(string p) {
    phoneNumber = p;
    cout << "THIS IS OUR CUSTOMER SERVICE PHONE NUMBER " << endl;
    cout<< phoneNumber << endl;
    cout << "****************************************************" << endl;
}
void medicalCompany::location(string l) {
    locate = l;
    cout << " OUR COMPANY IS LOCATED IN " << endl;
    cout << locate << endl;
    cout << "****************************************************" << endl;
}
medicalCompany::~medicalCompany() {
    cout << "thanks for trusting our company ^_^" << endl;
    cout << "****************************************************" << endl;
}
origin::origin() {
    cout<< "constructor 2"<<endl;
}
void origin::address() {
    cout << country.location;
}
origin::~origin() {
    cout << "bye" << endl;
}

我的 main.cpp 文件中使用了两个 class:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "function.h"
using namespace std;

int main() {

    medicalCompany o;
    o.Name("jack");
    o.mail("ouremail@company.com");
    o.phone("2342352134");
    o.location("Germany");
    origin o2;

    return 0;
}

问题

我运行进入这个错误:

Severity Code Description Project File Line Suppression State
Error   C3867 'medicalCompany::location': non-standard syntax; use '&' to create a pointer to member    CP2_HW  c:\function.cpp 41 

您可以:

  • void origin::address(){cout << country.location;}替换为void origin::address(){country.location();}

  • by void origin::address(){cout << country.locate;} 如果您将 locate 成员作为 public 变量。

此外,几点评论:

  • 通常您希望避免暴露私有成员,因此应该首选第一种解决方案。

  • 指令 using namespace std; 通常被认为是不好的做法,应该避免,因为可能的风险成本不会超过不必键入 std::cout(有关详细信息,请参阅 this question

  • 在命名约定方面,我会交换 locatelocation 的名称:位置应该是成员变量,locate 是动作(函数)获取位置。

  • 更喜欢使用构造函数和初始化列表而不是 getter/setter。

  • 您的输出格式应该与您的 classes 的逻辑完全分开,例如为您的 class.[=24 实现一个 << 运算符=]

按照这个逻辑,您的代码应该更像:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

class medicalCompany {
private:
  std::string _ceoName;
  std::string _email;
  std::string _phoneNumber;
  std::string _location;
public:
  
  // Constructor
  medicalCompany(std::string name, std::string email, std::string phone, std::string location):
  _ceoName(name), 
  _email(email), 
  _phoneNumber(phone), 
  _location(location)
  {}
  friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const medicalCompany& dt);
  };

对于 ostream 运算符:

ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const medicalCompany& co)
{
    os << co._ceoName << " " co._phoneNumber << ' ' << co._email;
    return os;
}

这将允许在您的主程序中编写这样的代码:

int main() {
  medicalCompany o("jack", "ouremail@company.com","2342352134","Germany")
  std::cout << o << std::endl;   
  return 0;
}

该代码不起作用,您必须对其进行编辑以满足您的格式要求,但您有想法:)祝您好运!