顶级 window 关闭后在主 window 中滚动时出错
Error scrolling in main window after top level window was closed
我正在使用 Tkinter 构建应用程序，我需要可滚动 windows。我使用 Canvas 创建了一个可滚动容器： ScrollContainer 。在此之后，我将我的程序的主要逻辑合并到这个容器中，我在其中放置了一个按钮来打开另一个单独的 TopLevel window。这个单独的 window 也必须是可滚动的。因此我也将它包含在同一个容器中 class
现在，问题是：当我 运行 程序时，我的主程序 window 可以正常滚动。单击按钮后，我打开了 TopLevel window。辅助 window 滚动正常。在我 关闭 次要 window 并将鼠标再次悬停在主要 window 上之后，现在它不再滚动并且我在控制台中收到错误消息：
Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\mirel.voicu\Anaconda3\envs\gis385\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1883, in __call__
return self.func(*args)
File "C:/Users/mirel.voicu/Desktop/python_projects/TKINTER/standalone_program/test.py", line 45, in _on_mousewheel
self.my_canvas.yview_scroll(int(-1*(event.delta/120)), "units")
File "C:\Users\mirel.voicu\Anaconda3\envs\gis385\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1929, in yview_scroll
self.tk.call(self._w, 'yview', 'scroll', number, what)
_tkinter.TclError: invalid command name ".!toplevel.!frame.!canvas"
注：
我也尝试使用 self.my_canvas.bind("<MouseWheel>", self._on_mousewheel) 而不是 self.my_canvas.bind_all("<MouseWheel>", self._on_mousewheel)，现在没有错误。但是，滚动发生了变化。如果将鼠标悬停在标签上，则无法再滚动。只有放大 window 并将鼠标悬停在右侧一点才能滚动。我想这是因为您必须将鼠标移到 canvas 上，因为它是唯一可滚动的实体
滚动容器 class:
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
class ScrollContainer (ttk.Frame):
def __init__(self, container,w,h,*args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(container, *args, **kwargs)
# Create a main frame
self.main_frame = Frame(container, width=w, height=h)
self.main_frame.pack(side=TOP,fill=BOTH, expand=1) # expand frame to the size of the container
# create a canvas
self.my_canvas = Canvas(self.main_frame)
self.my_canvas.pack(side=LEFT, fill=BOTH, expand=1)
self.my_canvas.bind_all("<MouseWheel>", self._on_mousewheel)
# add h and v scrollbar to canvas
self.my_vscrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(self.main_frame, orient=VERTICAL, command=self.my_canvas.yview)
self.my_vscrollbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
self.my_hscrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(container, orient=HORIZONTAL, command=self.my_canvas.xview)
self.my_hscrollbar.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
# configure canvas
self.my_canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=self.my_vscrollbar.set, xscrollcommand=self.my_hscrollbar.set)
self.my_canvas.bind('<Configure>', lambda e: self.my_canvas.configure(scrollregion=self.my_canvas.bbox('all')))
# create another frame inside the canvas
self.second_frame = Frame(self.my_canvas)
# add that new frame to a window in the canvas
self.my_canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=self.second_frame, anchor='nw')
def _on_mousewheel(self, event):
self.my_canvas.yview_scroll(int(-1*(event.delta/120)), "units")
主要程序逻辑：
def open():
w=Toplevel()
SecondContainer=ScrollContainer(w,1000,768)
for thing in range(40):
Label(SecondContainer.second_frame, text=f"It's Friday {thing} ").grid(row=thing, column=0)
root=Tk()
MainContainer=ScrollContainer(root,1000,768)
btn=Button(MainContainer.second_frame, text="New Window",bg='yellow',command=open)
btn.grid(row=0,column=0)
for thing in range(1,30):
Label(MainContainer.second_frame,text=f"It's Friday {thing} ").grid(row=thing,column=0)
# frame design
root.mainloop()
这是因为您使用了 bind_all()，这是应用程序智能绑定。因此 Toplevel() 中的绑定将覆盖 root 中的绑定。当顶层被销毁时，绑定函数仍然引用顶层中的 canvas，因此异常。
您应该使用 window 智能绑定：
class ScrollContainer(ttk.Frame):
def __init__(self, container, w, h, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(container, *args, **kwargs)
container.bind("<MouseWheel>", self._on_mousewheel) # bind on the parent window
# Create a main frame
self.main_frame = Frame(container, width=w, height=h)
self.main_frame.pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH, expand=1) # expand frame to the size of the container
# create a canvas
self.my_canvas = Canvas(self.main_frame)
self.my_canvas.pack(side=LEFT, fill=BOTH, expand=1)
#self.my_canvas.bind_all("<MouseWheel>", self._on_mousewheel)
# add h and v scrollbar to canvas
self.my_vscrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(self.main_frame, orient=VERTICAL, command=self.my_canvas.yview)
self.my_vscrollbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
self.my_hscrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(container, orient=HORIZONTAL, command=self.my_canvas.xview)
self.my_hscrollbar.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
# configure canvas
self.my_canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=self.my_vscrollbar.set, xscrollcommand=self.my_hscrollbar.set)
self.my_canvas.bind('<Configure>', lambda e: self.my_canvas.configure(scrollregion=self.my_canvas.bbox('all')))
# create another frame inside the canvas
self.second_frame = Frame(self.my_canvas)
# add that new frame to a window in the canvas
self.my_canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=self.second_frame, anchor='nw')
def _on_mousewheel(self, event):
self.my_canvas.yview_scroll(int(-1*(event.delta/120)), "units")
我注意到你已经解决了这个问题，但 @acw1668 给你的解决方案，就我而言，部分有效。所以，我决定 post 在这里我的代码，以防有人像我一样不幸。
我使用了@acw1668 class 但稍微修改了一下。
将 'bind_all' 替换为 'bind' 的唯一效果是在滚动条区域以外的任何地方都禁用鼠标滚动，因此我必须定义小部件的行为（self.canvas) 当事件 ('MouseWheel') 发生时。因此，我进行了一些搜索，最后找到了另一个问题 answered by @Saad，该问题解释了如何通过一种新方法 (set_mousewheel) 在光标悬停时更改小部件的行为。然后，我把所有东西放在一起，这就是我得到的：
class ScrollableFrame(Frame):
"""
Defines a ScrollbarFrame class
"""
def __init__(self, container, width=800, height=700, bg = "white", *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(container, *args, **kwargs)
# to hide the border
highlightthickness = 0
# Create a main frame
self.main_frame = Frame(container, width=width, height=height, bg=bg)
self.main_frame.pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH, expand=1) # expand frame to the size of the container
#create a canvas
#highlightthickness = 0 to hide the border
self.canvas = Canvas(self.main_frame, width=width, height=height, bg=bg, highlightthickness=highlightthickness)
self.canvas.pack(side=LEFT, fill=BOTH, expand=1)
self.scrollbar = Scrollbar(self.main_frame, orient=VERTICAL, command=self.canvas.yview)
self.scrollbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
self.scrollbar_x = Scrollbar(container, orient=HORIZONTAL, command=self.canvas.xview)
self.scrollbar_x.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
self.canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=self.scrollbar.set, xscrollcommand=self.scrollbar_x.set)
self.canvas.bind(
"<Configure>",
lambda e: self.canvas.configure (
scrollregion=self.canvas.bbox("all")
)
)
self.scrollable_frame = Frame(self.canvas, bg=bg)
self.canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=self.scrollable_frame, anchor="nw")
#DO NOT PUT bind_all!!!
self.canvas.bind("<MouseWheel>", self._on_mousewheel)
self.canvas.bind("<MouseWheel>", self.set_mousewheel(self.canvas, self._on_mousewheel))
def _on_mousewheel(self, event):
"""
Allowes to scroll the mouse
"""
self.canvas.yview_scroll(int(-1 * (event.delta / 120)), "units")
def set_mousewheel(self, widget, command):
"""Activate / deactivate mousewheel scrolling when
cursor is over / not over the widget respectively."""
widget.bind("<Enter>", lambda _: widget.bind_all('<MouseWheel>', command))
widget.bind("<Leave>", lambda _: widget.unbind_all('<MouseWheel>'))
我正在使用 Tkinter 构建应用程序，我需要可滚动 windows。我使用 Canvas 创建了一个可滚动容器： ScrollContainer 。在此之后，我将我的程序的主要逻辑合并到这个容器中，我在其中放置了一个按钮来打开另一个单独的 TopLevel window。这个单独的 window 也必须是可滚动的。因此我也将它包含在同一个容器中 class
现在，问题是：当我 运行 程序时，我的主程序 window 可以正常滚动。单击按钮后，我打开了 TopLevel window。辅助 window 滚动正常。在我 关闭 次要 window 并将鼠标再次悬停在主要 window 上之后，现在它不再滚动并且我在控制台中收到错误消息：
Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\mirel.voicu\Anaconda3\envs\gis385\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1883, in __call__
return self.func(*args)
File "C:/Users/mirel.voicu/Desktop/python_projects/TKINTER/standalone_program/test.py", line 45, in _on_mousewheel
self.my_canvas.yview_scroll(int(-1*(event.delta/120)), "units")
File "C:\Users\mirel.voicu\Anaconda3\envs\gis385\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1929, in yview_scroll
self.tk.call(self._w, 'yview', 'scroll', number, what)
_tkinter.TclError: invalid command name ".!toplevel.!frame.!canvas"
注：
我也尝试使用 self.my_canvas.bind("<MouseWheel>", self._on_mousewheel) 而不是 self.my_canvas.bind_all("<MouseWheel>", self._on_mousewheel)，现在没有错误。但是，滚动发生了变化。如果将鼠标悬停在标签上，则无法再滚动。只有放大 window 并将鼠标悬停在右侧一点才能滚动。我想这是因为您必须将鼠标移到 canvas 上，因为它是唯一可滚动的实体
滚动容器 class:
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
class ScrollContainer (ttk.Frame):
def __init__(self, container,w,h,*args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(container, *args, **kwargs)
# Create a main frame
self.main_frame = Frame(container, width=w, height=h)
self.main_frame.pack(side=TOP,fill=BOTH, expand=1) # expand frame to the size of the container
# create a canvas
self.my_canvas = Canvas(self.main_frame)
self.my_canvas.pack(side=LEFT, fill=BOTH, expand=1)
self.my_canvas.bind_all("<MouseWheel>", self._on_mousewheel)
# add h and v scrollbar to canvas
self.my_vscrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(self.main_frame, orient=VERTICAL, command=self.my_canvas.yview)
self.my_vscrollbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
self.my_hscrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(container, orient=HORIZONTAL, command=self.my_canvas.xview)
self.my_hscrollbar.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
# configure canvas
self.my_canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=self.my_vscrollbar.set, xscrollcommand=self.my_hscrollbar.set)
self.my_canvas.bind('<Configure>', lambda e: self.my_canvas.configure(scrollregion=self.my_canvas.bbox('all')))
# create another frame inside the canvas
self.second_frame = Frame(self.my_canvas)
# add that new frame to a window in the canvas
self.my_canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=self.second_frame, anchor='nw')
def _on_mousewheel(self, event):
self.my_canvas.yview_scroll(int(-1*(event.delta/120)), "units")
主要程序逻辑：
def open():
w=Toplevel()
SecondContainer=ScrollContainer(w,1000,768)
for thing in range(40):
Label(SecondContainer.second_frame, text=f"It's Friday {thing} ").grid(row=thing, column=0)
root=Tk()
MainContainer=ScrollContainer(root,1000,768)
btn=Button(MainContainer.second_frame, text="New Window",bg='yellow',command=open)
btn.grid(row=0,column=0)
for thing in range(1,30):
Label(MainContainer.second_frame,text=f"It's Friday {thing} ").grid(row=thing,column=0)
# frame design
root.mainloop()
这是因为您使用了 bind_all()，这是应用程序智能绑定。因此 Toplevel() 中的绑定将覆盖 root 中的绑定。当顶层被销毁时，绑定函数仍然引用顶层中的 canvas，因此异常。
您应该使用 window 智能绑定：
class ScrollContainer(ttk.Frame):
def __init__(self, container, w, h, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(container, *args, **kwargs)
container.bind("<MouseWheel>", self._on_mousewheel) # bind on the parent window
# Create a main frame
self.main_frame = Frame(container, width=w, height=h)
self.main_frame.pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH, expand=1) # expand frame to the size of the container
# create a canvas
self.my_canvas = Canvas(self.main_frame)
self.my_canvas.pack(side=LEFT, fill=BOTH, expand=1)
#self.my_canvas.bind_all("<MouseWheel>", self._on_mousewheel)
# add h and v scrollbar to canvas
self.my_vscrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(self.main_frame, orient=VERTICAL, command=self.my_canvas.yview)
self.my_vscrollbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
self.my_hscrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(container, orient=HORIZONTAL, command=self.my_canvas.xview)
self.my_hscrollbar.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
# configure canvas
self.my_canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=self.my_vscrollbar.set, xscrollcommand=self.my_hscrollbar.set)
self.my_canvas.bind('<Configure>', lambda e: self.my_canvas.configure(scrollregion=self.my_canvas.bbox('all')))
# create another frame inside the canvas
self.second_frame = Frame(self.my_canvas)
# add that new frame to a window in the canvas
self.my_canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=self.second_frame, anchor='nw')
def _on_mousewheel(self, event):
self.my_canvas.yview_scroll(int(-1*(event.delta/120)), "units")
我注意到你已经解决了这个问题，但 @acw1668 给你的解决方案，就我而言，部分有效。所以，我决定 post 在这里我的代码，以防有人像我一样不幸。
我使用了@acw1668 class 但稍微修改了一下。
将 'bind_all' 替换为 'bind' 的唯一效果是在滚动条区域以外的任何地方都禁用鼠标滚动，因此我必须定义小部件的行为（self.canvas) 当事件 ('MouseWheel') 发生时。因此，我进行了一些搜索，最后找到了另一个问题
class ScrollableFrame(Frame):
"""
Defines a ScrollbarFrame class
"""
def __init__(self, container, width=800, height=700, bg = "white", *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(container, *args, **kwargs)
# to hide the border
highlightthickness = 0
# Create a main frame
self.main_frame = Frame(container, width=width, height=height, bg=bg)
self.main_frame.pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH, expand=1) # expand frame to the size of the container
#create a canvas
#highlightthickness = 0 to hide the border
self.canvas = Canvas(self.main_frame, width=width, height=height, bg=bg, highlightthickness=highlightthickness)
self.canvas.pack(side=LEFT, fill=BOTH, expand=1)
self.scrollbar = Scrollbar(self.main_frame, orient=VERTICAL, command=self.canvas.yview)
self.scrollbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
self.scrollbar_x = Scrollbar(container, orient=HORIZONTAL, command=self.canvas.xview)
self.scrollbar_x.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
self.canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=self.scrollbar.set, xscrollcommand=self.scrollbar_x.set)
self.canvas.bind(
"<Configure>",
lambda e: self.canvas.configure (
scrollregion=self.canvas.bbox("all")
)
)
self.scrollable_frame = Frame(self.canvas, bg=bg)
self.canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=self.scrollable_frame, anchor="nw")
#DO NOT PUT bind_all!!!
self.canvas.bind("<MouseWheel>", self._on_mousewheel)
self.canvas.bind("<MouseWheel>", self.set_mousewheel(self.canvas, self._on_mousewheel))
def _on_mousewheel(self, event):
"""
Allowes to scroll the mouse
"""
self.canvas.yview_scroll(int(-1 * (event.delta / 120)), "units")
def set_mousewheel(self, widget, command):
"""Activate / deactivate mousewheel scrolling when
cursor is over / not over the widget respectively."""
widget.bind("<Enter>", lambda _: widget.bind_all('<MouseWheel>', command))
widget.bind("<Leave>", lambda _: widget.unbind_all('<MouseWheel>'))