python 中的海龟迷宫。我不知道如何避免乌龟穿墙和作弊

Question

我是编码的完全初学者，我们在学校开始学习 python。我的小表弟发现了这一点，并让我做一个游戏……因为我不是专家，所以我决定做一个简单的游戏，一个迷宫。我编写了一些函数来从由 1 和 0 组成的 2 个列表生成迷宫。然后我尝试为一只必须穿过迷宫才能逃脱的乌龟制作移动部分。

事实上，因为你可以穿过墙壁，所以作弊太容易了。我需要你的帮助来解决这个问题。我在想撤消错误的动作。但我愿意接受任何解决方案

表弟今天玩了游戏，玩到最终版很热情。我将 post 我的代码加上一些注释，以便您更好地理解。

P.S。我很抱歉我的英语不好:) 非常感谢

"""
                                     .---.
                                     |   |      __.....__      __  __   ___                             __.....__
                                     |   |  .-''         '.   |  |/  `.'   `.                       .-''         '.
     .|             .-,.--.      .|  |   | /     .-''"'-.  `. |   .-.  .-.   '                     /     .-''"'-.  `.
   .' |_            |  .-. |   .' |_ |   |/     /________\   \|  |  |  |  |  |    __              /     /________\   \
 .'     |   _    _  | |  | | .'     ||   ||                  ||  |  |  |  |  | .:--.'.  .--------.|                  |
'--.  .-'  | '  / | | |  | |'--.  .-'|   |\    .-------------'|  |  |  |  |  |/ |   \ | |____    |\    .-------------'
   |  |   .' | .' | | |  '-    |  |  |   | \    '-.____...---.|  |  |  |  |  |`" __ | |     /   /  \    '-.____...---.
   |  |   /  | /  | | |        |  |  |   |  `.             .' |__|  |__|  |__| .'.''| |   .'   /    `.             .'
   |  '.'|   `'.  | | |        |  '.''---'    `''-...... -'                   / /   | |_ /    /___    `''-...... -'
   |   / '   .'|  '/|_|        |   /                                          \ \._,\ '/|         |
   `'-'   `-'  `--'            `'-'                                            `--'  `" |_________|

to my little cousin
"""



import turtle

turtle.title("TurtleMaze")





#here i define some funcions that mark the walls of the maze by the usage of some lists.

def mark_horizontal_line(lo, x, y):
    line_horizontal = turtle.Turtle()
    line_horizontal.speed(0)
    line_horizontal.hideturtle()
    line_horizontal.up()
    line_horizontal.setposition(x, y)
    for n in lo:
        if n == 1:
            line_horizontal.down()
            line_horizontal.forward(21)
            line_horizontal.up()
        if n == 0:
            line_horizontal.forward(21)


def mark_horizontal_lines(lo, x, y):
    step_y = y
    for n in lo:
        mark_horizontal_line(n, x, step_y)
        step_y -= 21



def mark_line_vertical(lv, x, y):
    line_v = turtle.Turtle()
    line_v.hideturtle()
    line_v.speed(0)
    line_v.up()
    line_v.setposition(x, y)
    line_v.right(90)
    for n in lv:
        if n == 1:
            line_v.down()
            line_v.forward(21)
            line_v.up()
        if n == 0:
            line_v.forward(21)


def create_lines_vertical(lv, x, y):
    step_dx = x
    for n in lv:
        mark_line_vertical(n, step_dx, y)
        step_dx += 21


# this function marcks the entire maze by attaching all the others above

def mark_maze(lo, lv, x, y):
    mark_horizontal_lines(lo, x, y)
    create_lines_vertical(lv, x, y)

# i create a finestra = window

finestra = turtle.Screen()
finestra.screensize(600, 400)
finestra.title("TurtleMaze")

# these are the lists that contain the info to mark the lines

lo = [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
      [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0],
      [0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1],
      [0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0],
      [0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1],
      [0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
      [0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0],
      [0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
      [1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1],
      [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0],
      [0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0],
      [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0],
      [0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1],
      [0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0],
      [1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1],
      [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]]

lv = [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
      [1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1],
      [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1],
      [1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0],
      [0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0],
      [1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0],
      [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0],
      [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
      [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0],
      [1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
      [0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0],
      [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1],
      [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0],
      [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1],
      [1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0],
      [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1],
      [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0],
      [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1],
      [0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0],
      [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1],
      [0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0],
      [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]]




# i call the function to generate the maze

mark_maze(lo, lv, -200, 300)



# now the movement section

starting_pos = (63, -162)

red_line = turtle.Turtle()
red_line.hideturtle()
red_line.speed(0)
red_line.up()
red_line.setposition(starting_pos)
red_line.color("red")
red_line.up()
red_line.down()


def dx():
    red_line.speed(5)
    red_line.forward(11)
    red_line.speed(0)

def sx():

    red_line.right(180)
    red_line.speed(5)
    red_line.forward(11)
    red_line.speed(0)
    red_line.right(-180)



def down():

    red_line.right(90)
    red_line.speed(5)
    red_line.forward(11)
    red_line.speed(0)
    red_line.right(-90)



def up():

    red_line.right(-90)
    red_line.speed(5)
    red_line.forward(11)
    red_line.speed(0)
    red_line.right(90)

# to make the turtle go back i made some separated commands to keep it as easy as possible

def undo_sx():
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()



def undo_dx():
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()
    


def undo_down():
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()


def undo_up():
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()


def close():
    finestra.bye()


finestra.onkey(dx, "Right")
finestra.onkey(sx, "Left")
finestra.onkey(up, "Up")
finestra.onkey(down, "Down")
finestra.onkey(undo_dx, "d")
finestra.onkey(undo_sx, "a")
finestra.onkey(undo_down, "s")
finestra.onkey(undo_up, "w")
finestra.onkey(close, "q")

finestra.listen()
finestra.mainloop()

Answer 1

真的很抱歉让你失望了，但我认为使用 turtle 是不可能的。如果你想让乌龟与墙壁碰撞，你需要实施碰撞检测，为此你需要墙壁的坐标，而你没有。也许你可以使用 pygame 模块制作贪吃蛇游戏。

Answer 2

概念：

如果用对齐的小海龟对象替换绘制线条的像素，则这是可能的，每个小海龟对象构成线条的一个像素。

例如，如果每个小乌龟对象都存储在一个名为 lines 的列表中：

def dx():
    red_line.speed(5)
    red_line.forward(11)
    for line in lines:
        if red_line.distance(line) < 5: # If the player came within 5 units of any pixel in the lines list...
            red_line.undo() # then undo the previous move
            break
    red_line.speed(0)

实施：

好的，下面是我对您的代码所做的更改。

我定义了一个 pixels 列表来存储构成墙壁的每只海龟：

pixels = list()

在您的 mark_horizontal_line 和 mark_line_vertical 函数中，每条线将由 2 个形状为 'square' 大小为 1 的海龟对象组成，而不是绘制墙壁像素乘 10.5 像素 （墙的一半大小）.

所以在mark_horizontal_line函数中，从

            line_horizontal.down()
            line_horizontal.forward(21)
            line_horizontal.up()

到

            for i in range(2):
                line_horizontal.forward(21 / 4)
                pixel = line_horizontal.clone()
                pixel.showturtle()
                pixel.shape("square")
                pixel.shapesize(1 / 20, 10.5 / 20)
                pixels.append(pixel)
                line_horizontal.forward(21 / 4)

并且在 mark_line_vertical 函数中，来自：

            line_v.down()
            line_v.forward(21)
            line_v.up()

到

            for i in range(2):
                line_v.forward(21 / 4)
                pixel = line_v.clone()
                pixel.showturtle()
                pixel.shape("square")
                pixel.shapesize(1 / 20, 10.5 / 20)
                pixels.append(pixel)
                line_v.forward(21 / 4)

我定义了一个 forward() 函数，它会让 red_line 乌龟向前移动，但如果它与 pixels 的任何像素相距 5 个像素以内，它会自动撤消它的移动名单：

def forward(turt):
    for i in range(11):
        turt.forward(1)
        if any(pixel.distance(turt) < 5 for pixel in pixels):
            for i in range(i):
                turt.undo()
            break

最后，将, 、and函数中的red_line.forward(11)替换为forward(red_line)调用定义的函数：

def dx():
    red_line.speed(5)
    forward(red_line) # Function call
    red_line.speed(0)

def sx():

    red_line.right(180)
    red_line.speed(5)
    forward(red_line) # Function call
    red_line.speed(0)
    red_line.right(-180)

def down():
    red_line.right(90)
    red_line.speed(5)
    forward(red_line) # Function call
    red_line.speed(0)
    red_line.right(-90)

def up():
    red_line.right(-90)
    red_line.speed(5)
    forward(red_line) # Function call
    red_line.speed(0)
    red_line.right(90)

注意：如果您不想等待几分钟来绘制迷宫，您可以关闭 tracer() 的 mark_maze() 调用：

turtle.tracer(0)
mark_maze(lo, lv, -200, 300)
turtle.update()
turtle.tracer(1)

一共：

import turtle

turtle.title("TurtleMaze")





#here i define some funcions that mark the walls of the maze by the usage of some lists.
pixels = list()

def mark_horizontal_line(lo, x, y):
    line_horizontal = turtle.Turtle()
    line_horizontal.speed(0)
    line_horizontal.hideturtle()
    line_horizontal.up()
    line_horizontal.setposition(x, y)
    for n in lo:
        if n == 1:
            for i in range(2):
                line_horizontal.forward(21 / 4)
                pixel = line_horizontal.clone()
                pixel.showturtle()
                pixel.shape("square")
                pixel.shapesize(1 / 20, 10.5 / 20)
                pixels.append(pixel)
                line_horizontal.forward(21 / 4)
                
        if n == 0:
            line_horizontal.forward(21)


def mark_horizontal_lines(lo, x, y):
    step_y = y
    for n in lo:
        mark_horizontal_line(n, x, step_y)
        step_y -= 21



def mark_line_vertical(lv, x, y):
    line_v = turtle.Turtle()
    line_v.hideturtle()
    line_v.speed(0)
    line_v.up()
    line_v.setposition(x, y)
    line_v.right(90)
    for n in lv:
        if n == 1:
            for i in range(2):
                line_v.forward(21 / 4)
                pixel = line_v.clone()
                pixel.showturtle()
                pixel.shape("square")
                pixel.shapesize(1 / 20, 10.5 / 20)
                pixels.append(pixel)
                line_v.forward(21 / 4)
        if n == 0:
            line_v.forward(21)


def create_lines_vertical(lv, x, y):
    step_dx = x
    for n in lv:
        mark_line_vertical(n, step_dx, y)
        step_dx += 21


# this function marcks the entire maze by attaching all the others above

def mark_maze(lo, lv, x, y):
    mark_horizontal_lines(lo, x, y)
    create_lines_vertical(lv, x, y)

# i create a finestra = window

finestra = turtle.Screen()
finestra.screensize(600, 400)
finestra.title("TurtleMaze")

# these are the lists that contain the info to mark the lines

lo = [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
      [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0],
      [0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1],
      [0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0],
      [0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1],
      [0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
      [0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0],
      [0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
      [1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1],
      [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0],
      [0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0],
      [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0],
      [0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1],
      [0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0],
      [1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1],
      [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]]

lv = [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
      [1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1],
      [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1],
      [1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0],
      [0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0],
      [1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0],
      [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0],
      [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
      [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0],
      [1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
      [0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0],
      [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1],
      [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0],
      [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1],
      [1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0],
      [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1],
      [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0],
      [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1],
      [0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0],
      [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1],
      [0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0],
      [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]]




# i call the function to generate the maze

turtle.tracer(0)
mark_maze(lo, lv, -200, 300)
turtle.update()
turtle.tracer(1)

# now the movement section

starting_pos = (63, -162)

red_line = turtle.Turtle()
red_line.hideturtle()
red_line.speed(0)
red_line.up()
red_line.setposition(starting_pos)
red_line.color("red")
red_line.up()
red_line.down()

def forward(turt):
    for i in range(11):
        turt.forward(1)
        if any(pixel.distance(turt) < 5 for pixel in pixels):
            for i in range(i):
                turt.undo()
            break
def dx():
    red_line.speed(5)
    forward(red_line)
    red_line.speed(0)

def sx():

    red_line.right(180)
    red_line.speed(5)
    forward(red_line)
    red_line.speed(0)
    red_line.right(-180)

def down():
    red_line.right(90)
    red_line.speed(5)
    forward(red_line)
    red_line.speed(0)
    red_line.right(-90)

def up():
    red_line.right(-90)
    red_line.speed(5)
    forward(red_line)
    red_line.speed(0)
    red_line.right(90)

# to make the turtle go back i made some separated commands to keep it as easy as possible

def undo_sx():
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()



def undo_dx():
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()
    


def undo_down():
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()


def undo_up():
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()
    red_line.undo()


def close():
    finestra.bye()


finestra.onkey(dx, "Right")
finestra.onkey(sx, "Left")
finestra.onkey(up, "Up")
finestra.onkey(down, "Down")
finestra.onkey(undo_dx, "d")
finestra.onkey(undo_sx, "a")
finestra.onkey(undo_down, "s")
finestra.onkey(undo_up, "w")
finestra.onkey(close, "q")

finestra.listen()
finestra.mainloop()

输出：

观察我如何不断尝试“作弊”，但墙壁不允许我。

Answer 3

我喜欢。 ASCII 艺术很酷。是的，这是可行的，但是您必须将乌龟位置除以所使用的任何间距，以获得关卡数据中的位置，然后比较碰撞。

我已经弄明白了，但是你的一个挂在墙上的列表旋转了 90 度，所以它让我伤脑筋。我将 post 目前为止的所有内容，以便您查看。累了，我还要再过一天才能搞定运行。去喝点茶，看几个 youtube，然后就昏倒了。明天可能再看一眼。

turtle.cfg

试图用它调整大小 window。有一种方法可以做到，但无论出于何种原因，它都不是。

width = 0.5
height = 0.75
leftright = None
topbottom = None
canvwidth = 700
canvheight = 500
mode = standard
colormode = 1.0
delay = 0
undobuffersize = 1000
shape = classic
pencolor = black
fillcolor = black
resizemode = noresize
visible = True
language = english
exampleturtle = turtle
examplescreen = screen
title = TurtleMaze
using_IDLE = False

#! /usr/bin/python3

##~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
##  docs.python.org/3/library/t.html

import turtle as t
import math

##  create a finestra = window
finestra = t .Screen()

width = 700
height = 500

half_width = math .floor( width /2 )
half_height = math .floor( height /2 )

finestra .screensize( width, height )
finestra .title('TurtleMaze')

##  t.setheading() or t.seth()
East = 0
North = 90
West = 180
South = 270

red_line = t .Turtle()
red_line .hideturtle()
red_line .up()
red_line .speed('fastest')
red_line .color('red')

line_h = t .Turtle()
line_h .hideturtle()
line_h .seth( East )
line_h .up()
line_h .speed('fastest')

line_v = t .Turtle()
line_v .hideturtle()
line_v .seth( South )
line_v .up()
line_v .speed('fastest')

##~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

##  draw walls by referencing lists.

def mark_horizontal_line( row, x, y ):
    line_h .up()
    line_h .setposition( x, y )
    for r in row:
        if r == 0:  line_h .up()
        else:  line_h .down()
        line_h .forward( horiz_spacing )


def create_horiz_lines( lo, x, y ):
    step_y = y
    for n in lo:
        mark_horizontal_line( n, x, step_y )
        step_y -= vert_spacing  ##  go down


def mark_line_vertical( column, x, y ):
    line_v .up()
    line_v .setposition( x, y )
    for c in column:
        if c == 0:  line_v .up()
        else:  line_v .down()
        line_v .forward( vert_spacing )


def create_vert_lines( lv, x, y ):
    step_dx = x
    for n in lv:
        mark_line_vertical( n, step_dx, y )
        step_dx += horiz_spacing  ##  go right

##  generate entire maze by attaching all the others above

def mark_maze( lo, lv, x, y ):
    create_horiz_lines( lo, x, y )
    create_vert_lines( lv, x, y )


##  horizontal segment data:  23 vert x 25 horiz

lo = [  [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
        [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0],
        [0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1],
        [0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0],
        [0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1],
        [0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0],
        [1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0],
        [0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
        [1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0],
        [1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1],
        [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0],
        [0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0],
        [0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1],
        [0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0],
        [1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]  ]

##  vertical segment data:  26 vert x 22 horiz   rotated by 90*

lv = [  [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1],
        [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1],
        [1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0],
        [0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0],
        [1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0],
        [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0],
        [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
        [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0],
        [1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0],
        [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1],
        [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0],
        [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0],
        [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1],
        [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0],
        [1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1],
        [0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0],
        [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1],
        [0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0],
        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]  ]

##~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

horiz_spacing = width /len( lo[0] )
vert_spacing = height /len( lv[0] )

horiz_walk = horiz_spacing /3
vert_walk = vert_spacing /3

##  generate maze
mark_maze( lo, lv, -half_width, half_height )

##  now the movement section
starting_pos = ( 0, -half_height )

red_line .setposition( starting_pos )
red_line .seth( North )
red_line .showturtle()
red_line .down()

def up():
    xx = round( (half_width +red_line .xcor()) /horiz_spacing )
    yy = round( (half_height +red_line .ycor() -vert_walk) /vert_spacing )
    red_line .seth( North )
    print( xx, yy )
    if lo[-yy][xx] == 0:
        red_line .forward( vert_walk )
    else:
        finestra .bgcolor( 'orange' )
        red_line .speed( 'slow' )
        red_line .forward( vert_walk )
        red_line .undo()
        finestra .bgcolor( 'white' )


def down():
    xx = round( (half_width +red_line .xcor()) /horiz_spacing )
    yy = round( (half_height +red_line .ycor() +vert_walk) /vert_spacing )
    red_line .seth( South )
    print( xx, yy )
    if lo[-yy][xx] == 0:
        red_line .forward( vert_walk )
    else:
        finestra .bgcolor( 'orange' )
        red_line .speed( 'slow' )
        red_line .forward( vert_walk )
        red_line .undo()
        finestra .bgcolor( 'white' )


def left():
    xx = round( (half_width +red_line .xcor() -horiz_walk) /horiz_spacing )
    yy = round( (half_height +red_line .ycor()) /vert_spacing )
    red_line .seth( West )
    print( xx, yy )
    if lv[xx][yy] == 0:
        red_line .forward( vert_walk )
    else:
        finestra .bgcolor( 'orange' )
        red_line .speed( 'slow' )
        red_line .forward( vert_walk )
        red_line .undo()
        finestra .bgcolor( 'white' )


def right():
    xx = round( (half_width +red_line .xcor() +vert_walk) /horiz_spacing )
    yy = round( (half_height +red_line .ycor()) /vert_spacing )
    red_line .seth( East )
    print( xx, yy )
    if lv[xx][yy] == 0:
        red_line .forward( vert_walk )
    else:
        finestra .bgcolor( 'orange' )
        red_line .speed( 'slow' )
        red_line .forward( vert_walk )
        red_line .undo()
        finestra .bgcolor( 'white' )

def undo():
    red_line .undo()

def quit():
    finestra .bye()

finestra .onkey( up, 'Up' )
finestra .onkey( down, 'Down' )
finestra .onkey( left, 'Left' )
finestra .onkey( right, 'Right' )

finestra .onkey( undo, 'space' )
finestra .onkey( quit, 'q' )

finestra .listen()
finestra .mainloop()

python 中的海龟迷宫。我不知道如何避免乌龟穿墙和作弊

Turtle Maze in python. I do not know how to avoid the turtle passing walls and cheat

python

turtle-graphics

python-3.x

python-turtle

概念：

实施：