android 中这种类型的选项菜单叫什么?

What is this type of option menu called in android?

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它的名字和制作方法。

这称为自定义对话框。自定义对话框是通过扩展 Dialog class 并通过这种方式使用您自己的布局来实现的:

class CustomDialog extends Dialog {
    
    // default constructor
    public CustomDialog(Activity activity) { // activity that runs your dialog
        super(activity);
    }
        
    // default onCreate method
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            
        // set your custom dialog layout here
        setContentView(R.layout.custom_dialog_layout);
    
        // your code here
    }
}