在 python 2.7 上安装正则表达式失败，退出状态为 1
installing regex on python 2.7 fails with exit status 1
我想用PyTLDR. Someone in the issue section on GitHub 说明模块是用Python2编写的。因此，我为此搭建了一个Python 2.7的环境项目。
我的 pip 版本是 20.3，它应该仍然适用于 Python 2 个模块。
通过 pip install pytldr 安装 PyTLDR 模块时，我收到以下错误消息：
[33mDEPRECATION: Python 2.7 reached the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 is no longer maintained. pip 21.0 will drop support for Python 2.7 in January 2021. More details about Python 2 support in pip can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support pip 21.0 will remove support for this functionality.[0m
Processing /home/zyko/.cache/pip/wheels/ba/d8/92/30e242ea7de520ed1eaf44ba37f7e73a2ac1e6b4e305b99e74/PyTLDR-0.1.4-py2-none-any.whl
Processing /home/zyko/.cache/pip/wheels/c7/b1/76/54236c34227a12d32dc9cfe18731976baf8950d8a5aabaea6c/nltk-3.5-py2-none-any.whl
Collecting numpy>=1.8.0
Using cached numpy-1.16.6-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (17.0 MB)
Collecting scipy>=0.13.2
Using cached scipy-1.2.3-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (24.8 MB)
Processing /home/zyko/.cache/pip/wheels/df/80/48/106e63760ff0dcd3658613d93c1ecf64301b9261172f2c1acf/networkx-2.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Processing /home/zyko/.cache/pip/wheels/09/dd/9a/3eff624a1731b5df39e1a946425532b9c1e0330c4e705a629d/goose_extractor-1.0.25-py2-none-any.whl
Collecting scikit-learn>=0.15.2
Using cached scikit_learn-0.20.4-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (5.5 MB)
Requirement already satisfied: tqdm in ./venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from nltk>=3.0.0->pytldr) (4.61.1)
Requirement already satisfied: click in ./venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from nltk>=3.0.0->pytldr) (7.1.2)
Requirement already satisfied: joblib in ./venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from nltk>=3.0.0->pytldr) (0.14.1)
Collecting regex
Using cached regex-2021.4.4.tar.gz (693 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: decorator>=4.3.0 in ./venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from networkx>=1.9.1->pytldr) (4.4.2)
Collecting cssselect
Using cached cssselect-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
Processing /home/zyko/.cache/pip/wheels/4b/8e/29/f0d0909969495c5f279c6cba4ceca07db79a0f7bb54f3f087b/jieba-0.42.1-py2-none-any.whl
Collecting beautifulsoup
Using cached BeautifulSoup-3.2.2-py2-none-any.whl (32 kB)
Collecting lxml
Using cached lxml-4.6.3-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (5.5 MB)
Collecting Pillow
Using cached Pillow-6.2.2-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (2.1 MB)
Building wheels for collected packages: regex
Building wheel for regex (setup.py) ... [?25l- error
[31m ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /home/zyko/PycharmProjects/PyTLDR/venv/bin/python2.7 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-9Mtbpc/regex/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-9Mtbpc/regex/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-URFXXo
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-9Mtbpc/regex/
Complete output (20 lines):
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex
copying regex_2/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex
copying regex_2/regex.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex
copying regex_2/_regex_core.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex
copying regex_2/test_regex.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex
running build_ext
building 'regex._regex' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex_2
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python2.7-QDqKfA/python2.7-2.7.18=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c regex_2/_regex.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex_2/_regex.o
regex_2/_regex.c:50:10: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
50 | #include "Python.h"
| ^~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------[0m
[31m ERROR: Failed building wheel for regex[0m
[?25h Running setup.py clean for regex
Failed to build regex
Installing collected packages: regex, nltk, numpy, scipy, networkx, cssselect, jieba, beautifulsoup, lxml, Pillow, goose-extractor, scikit-learn, pytldr
Running setup.py install for regex ... [?25l- error
[31m ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /home/zyko/PycharmProjects/PyTLDR/venv/bin/python2.7 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-9Mtbpc/regex/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-9Mtbpc/regex/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-pYEqUQ/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/zyko/PycharmProjects/PyTLDR/venv/include/site/python2.7/regex
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-9Mtbpc/regex/
Complete output (20 lines):
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex
copying regex_2/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex
copying regex_2/regex.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex
copying regex_2/_regex_core.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex
copying regex_2/test_regex.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex
running build_ext
building 'regex._regex' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex_2
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python2.7-QDqKfA/python2.7-2.7.18=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c regex_2/_regex.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex_2/_regex.o
regex_2/_regex.c:50:10: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
50 | #include "Python.h"
| ^~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------[0m
[31mERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /home/zyko/PycharmProjects/PyTLDR/venv/bin/python2.7 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-9Mtbpc/regex/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-9Mtbpc/regex/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-pYEqUQ/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/zyko/PycharmProjects/PyTLDR/venv/include/site/python2.7/regex Check the logs for full command output.[0m
[33mWARNING: You are using pip version 20.3; however, version 20.3.4 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the '/home/zyko/PycharmProjects/PyTLDR/venv/bin/python2.7 -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.[0m
[?25h
看起来正则表达式模块无法安装。手册 pip install regex 会抛出相同的错误消息。
我怎样才能让正则表达式在旧的 Python 2.7 版本中工作，然后让 PyTLDR 模块正常工作？
首先，阅读输出的第一行：你不应该在 python2 中开始新项目。
然而，问题很简单：
regex_2/_regex.c:50:10: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
50 | #include "Python.h"
| ^~~~~~~~~~
这意味着您没有安装 python dev 的 headers。
修复也非常简单（假设您是 运行 ubuntu 或 debian:
sudo apt-get install python-dev
我想用PyTLDR. Someone in the issue section on GitHub 说明模块是用Python2编写的。因此，我为此搭建了一个Python 2.7的环境项目。
我的 pip 版本是 20.3，它应该仍然适用于 Python 2 个模块。
通过 pip install pytldr 安装 PyTLDR 模块时，我收到以下错误消息：
[33mDEPRECATION: Python 2.7 reached the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 is no longer maintained. pip 21.0 will drop support for Python 2.7 in January 2021. More details about Python 2 support in pip can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support pip 21.0 will remove support for this functionality.[0m
Processing /home/zyko/.cache/pip/wheels/ba/d8/92/30e242ea7de520ed1eaf44ba37f7e73a2ac1e6b4e305b99e74/PyTLDR-0.1.4-py2-none-any.whl
Processing /home/zyko/.cache/pip/wheels/c7/b1/76/54236c34227a12d32dc9cfe18731976baf8950d8a5aabaea6c/nltk-3.5-py2-none-any.whl
Collecting numpy>=1.8.0
Using cached numpy-1.16.6-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (17.0 MB)
Collecting scipy>=0.13.2
Using cached scipy-1.2.3-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (24.8 MB)
Processing /home/zyko/.cache/pip/wheels/df/80/48/106e63760ff0dcd3658613d93c1ecf64301b9261172f2c1acf/networkx-2.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Processing /home/zyko/.cache/pip/wheels/09/dd/9a/3eff624a1731b5df39e1a946425532b9c1e0330c4e705a629d/goose_extractor-1.0.25-py2-none-any.whl
Collecting scikit-learn>=0.15.2
Using cached scikit_learn-0.20.4-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (5.5 MB)
Requirement already satisfied: tqdm in ./venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from nltk>=3.0.0->pytldr) (4.61.1)
Requirement already satisfied: click in ./venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from nltk>=3.0.0->pytldr) (7.1.2)
Requirement already satisfied: joblib in ./venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from nltk>=3.0.0->pytldr) (0.14.1)
Collecting regex
Using cached regex-2021.4.4.tar.gz (693 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: decorator>=4.3.0 in ./venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from networkx>=1.9.1->pytldr) (4.4.2)
Collecting cssselect
Using cached cssselect-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
Processing /home/zyko/.cache/pip/wheels/4b/8e/29/f0d0909969495c5f279c6cba4ceca07db79a0f7bb54f3f087b/jieba-0.42.1-py2-none-any.whl
Collecting beautifulsoup
Using cached BeautifulSoup-3.2.2-py2-none-any.whl (32 kB)
Collecting lxml
Using cached lxml-4.6.3-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (5.5 MB)
Collecting Pillow
Using cached Pillow-6.2.2-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (2.1 MB)
Building wheels for collected packages: regex
Building wheel for regex (setup.py) ... [?25l- error
[31m ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /home/zyko/PycharmProjects/PyTLDR/venv/bin/python2.7 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-9Mtbpc/regex/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-9Mtbpc/regex/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-URFXXo
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-9Mtbpc/regex/
Complete output (20 lines):
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex
copying regex_2/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex
copying regex_2/regex.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex
copying regex_2/_regex_core.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex
copying regex_2/test_regex.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex
running build_ext
building 'regex._regex' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex_2
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python2.7-QDqKfA/python2.7-2.7.18=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c regex_2/_regex.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex_2/_regex.o
regex_2/_regex.c:50:10: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
50 | #include "Python.h"
| ^~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------[0m
[31m ERROR: Failed building wheel for regex[0m
[?25h Running setup.py clean for regex
Failed to build regex
Installing collected packages: regex, nltk, numpy, scipy, networkx, cssselect, jieba, beautifulsoup, lxml, Pillow, goose-extractor, scikit-learn, pytldr
Running setup.py install for regex ... [?25l- error
[31m ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /home/zyko/PycharmProjects/PyTLDR/venv/bin/python2.7 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-9Mtbpc/regex/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-9Mtbpc/regex/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-pYEqUQ/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/zyko/PycharmProjects/PyTLDR/venv/include/site/python2.7/regex
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-9Mtbpc/regex/
Complete output (20 lines):
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex
copying regex_2/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex
copying regex_2/regex.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex
copying regex_2/_regex_core.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex
copying regex_2/test_regex.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex
running build_ext
building 'regex._regex' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex_2
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python2.7-QDqKfA/python2.7-2.7.18=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c regex_2/_regex.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/regex_2/_regex.o
regex_2/_regex.c:50:10: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
50 | #include "Python.h"
| ^~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------[0m
[31mERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /home/zyko/PycharmProjects/PyTLDR/venv/bin/python2.7 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-9Mtbpc/regex/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-9Mtbpc/regex/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-pYEqUQ/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/zyko/PycharmProjects/PyTLDR/venv/include/site/python2.7/regex Check the logs for full command output.[0m
[33mWARNING: You are using pip version 20.3; however, version 20.3.4 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the '/home/zyko/PycharmProjects/PyTLDR/venv/bin/python2.7 -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.[0m
[?25h
看起来正则表达式模块无法安装。手册 pip install regex 会抛出相同的错误消息。
我怎样才能让正则表达式在旧的 Python 2.7 版本中工作，然后让 PyTLDR 模块正常工作？
首先，阅读输出的第一行：你不应该在 python2 中开始新项目。
然而，问题很简单：
regex_2/_regex.c:50:10: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
50 | #include "Python.h"
| ^~~~~~~~~~
这意味着您没有安装 python dev 的 headers。
修复也非常简单（假设您是 运行 ubuntu 或 debian:
sudo apt-get install python-dev