为什么我的 XPath 表达式在 XML 文档中找不到新添加的节点?
Why doesn't my XPath expression find a newly added node in an XML document?
我尝试向 XML (svg) 文档中添加一个新节点,但是当我随后尝试使用 XPath 表达式查询它时,它没有找到新节点。
use strict;
use warnings;
use XML::LibXML;
use XML::LibXML::XPathContext;
my $parser = XML::LibXML->new();
my $svg = $parser->load_xml(string => <<'SVG');
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape">
<g inkscape:groupmode="layer" id="old-id" inkscape:label="old-label">...</g>
</svg>
SVG
my $layer = XML::LibXML::Element->new('g'); # same result with 'svg:g'
$layer->setAttribute('inkscape:groupmode', 'layer');
$layer->setAttribute('id', 'new-id');
$layer->setAttribute('inkscape:label', 'new-label');
$svg->documentElement()->appendChild($layer);
print "Dump:\n$svg\n";
print "Xpath:\n";
my $xpc = XML::LibXML::XPathContext->new($svg);
$xpc->registerNs('svg', 'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg');
my $xpath = '//svg:g';
foreach my $node ($xpc->findnodes($xpath)) {
print $node->getAttribute('id'), ": ", $node->getAttribute('inkscape:label'), "\n";
}
这会打印:
Dump:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape">
<g inkscape:groupmode="layer" id="old-id" inkscape:label="old-label">initially</g>
<g inkscape:groupmode="layer" inkscape:label="new-label" id="new-id"/></svg>
Xpath:
old-id: old-label
当我转储整个 xml 文档时,新节点出现了,但 XPath 表达式只报告旧节点。
这是为什么?我如何获得 XPath 表达式来找到新添加的节点?[=13=]
虽然您的 print 语句正在输出 XML,如果重新解析,将为您提供正确的结果,但您的内存中 DOM 不知道新元素的命名空间。要告诉新元素有关名称空间的信息,我们可以根据 docs
使用 SetNamespace
和 SetAttributeNS
use strict;
use warnings;
use XML::LibXML;
use XML::LibXML::XPathContext;
my $parser = XML::LibXML->new();
my $svg = $parser->load_xml(string => <<'SVG');
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape">
<g inkscape:groupmode="layer" id="old-id" inkscape:label="old-label">...</g>
</svg>
SVG
my $layer = XML::LibXML::Element->new('g'); # same result with 'svg:g'
$layer->setNamespace('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg');
$layer->setNamespace('http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape', 'inkscape', 0);
$layer->setAttributeNS('http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape', 'groupmode', 'layer');
$layer->setAttribute('id', 'new-id');
$layer->setAttributeNS('http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape', 'label', 'new-label');
$svg->documentElement()->appendChild($layer);
print "Dump:\n$svg\n";
print "Xpath:\n";
my $xpc = XML::LibXML::XPathContext->new($svg);
$xpc->registerNs('svg', 'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg');
my $xpath = '//svg:g';
foreach my $node ($xpc->findnodes($xpath)) {
print $node->getAttribute('id'), ": ", $node->getAttribute('inkscape:label'), "\n";
}
输出
Dump:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape">
<g inkscape:groupmode="layer" id="old-id" inkscape:label="old-label">...</g>
<g inkscape:groupmode="layer" id="new-id" inkscape:label="new-label"/></svg>
Xpath:
old-id: old-label
new-id: new-label
我尝试向 XML (svg) 文档中添加一个新节点,但是当我随后尝试使用 XPath 表达式查询它时,它没有找到新节点。
use strict;
use warnings;
use XML::LibXML;
use XML::LibXML::XPathContext;
my $parser = XML::LibXML->new();
my $svg = $parser->load_xml(string => <<'SVG');
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape">
<g inkscape:groupmode="layer" id="old-id" inkscape:label="old-label">...</g>
</svg>
SVG
my $layer = XML::LibXML::Element->new('g'); # same result with 'svg:g'
$layer->setAttribute('inkscape:groupmode', 'layer');
$layer->setAttribute('id', 'new-id');
$layer->setAttribute('inkscape:label', 'new-label');
$svg->documentElement()->appendChild($layer);
print "Dump:\n$svg\n";
print "Xpath:\n";
my $xpc = XML::LibXML::XPathContext->new($svg);
$xpc->registerNs('svg', 'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg');
my $xpath = '//svg:g';
foreach my $node ($xpc->findnodes($xpath)) {
print $node->getAttribute('id'), ": ", $node->getAttribute('inkscape:label'), "\n";
}
这会打印:
Dump:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape">
<g inkscape:groupmode="layer" id="old-id" inkscape:label="old-label">initially</g>
<g inkscape:groupmode="layer" inkscape:label="new-label" id="new-id"/></svg>
Xpath:
old-id: old-label
当我转储整个 xml 文档时,新节点出现了,但 XPath 表达式只报告旧节点。
这是为什么?我如何获得 XPath 表达式来找到新添加的节点?[=13=]
虽然您的 print 语句正在输出 XML,如果重新解析,将为您提供正确的结果,但您的内存中 DOM 不知道新元素的命名空间。要告诉新元素有关名称空间的信息,我们可以根据 docs
使用SetNamespace
和 SetAttributeNS
use strict;
use warnings;
use XML::LibXML;
use XML::LibXML::XPathContext;
my $parser = XML::LibXML->new();
my $svg = $parser->load_xml(string => <<'SVG');
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape">
<g inkscape:groupmode="layer" id="old-id" inkscape:label="old-label">...</g>
</svg>
SVG
my $layer = XML::LibXML::Element->new('g'); # same result with 'svg:g'
$layer->setNamespace('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg');
$layer->setNamespace('http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape', 'inkscape', 0);
$layer->setAttributeNS('http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape', 'groupmode', 'layer');
$layer->setAttribute('id', 'new-id');
$layer->setAttributeNS('http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape', 'label', 'new-label');
$svg->documentElement()->appendChild($layer);
print "Dump:\n$svg\n";
print "Xpath:\n";
my $xpc = XML::LibXML::XPathContext->new($svg);
$xpc->registerNs('svg', 'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg');
my $xpath = '//svg:g';
foreach my $node ($xpc->findnodes($xpath)) {
print $node->getAttribute('id'), ": ", $node->getAttribute('inkscape:label'), "\n";
}
输出
Dump:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape">
<g inkscape:groupmode="layer" id="old-id" inkscape:label="old-label">...</g>
<g inkscape:groupmode="layer" id="new-id" inkscape:label="new-label"/></svg>
Xpath:
old-id: old-label
new-id: new-label