在 Tkinter GUI 上嵌入 matplotlib 图

Question

晚上好...我正在学习如何在 Tkinter GUI 上嵌入 matplotlib 图，但没有成功，我附上了一张图片向您展示发生了什么，请帮忙。我正在从 Arduino 串行端口（ECG 读数）获取数据，使用 matplotlib（嵌入在 Tkinter GUI 上）绘制它，但是当我运行我在 matplotlib 图下面的代码是在绘图发生的地方创建的。

请注意，我的目标是直接在 GUI 上的图表上绘制，不要担心已绘制的图表。

[![enter image description here][1]][1]import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import (FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2Tk)
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import numpy as np
import serial as sr
import time


def start_plot():
    data = np.array([])
    while True:
        a = s.readline()
        a.decode()
        b = float(a[0:4])
        data = np.append(data, b);
        plt.cla()
        plt.plot(data)
        plt.pause(0.01)
    s.close()

main_window = Tk()
main_window.configure(background='light blue')
main_window.iconbitmap('lardmon_icon.ico')
main_window.title("ECG-LArdmon")
main_window.geometry('800x700')
main_window.resizable(width=False, height=False)




plotting_frame = LabelFrame(main_window, text='Real Time', bg='white', width=300, height=440, bd=5, relief=SUNKEN)
controls_frame = LabelFrame(main_window, text='Controls', background='light grey', height=150)

controls_frame.pack(fill='both', expand='1', side=TOP, padx=20, pady=10)
plotting_frame.pack(fill='both', expand='yes', side=BOTTOM, padx=20)


start_button = Button(controls_frame, text='Start Monitoring', width=16, height=2, borderwidth=3, command=start_plot)
start_button.pack(side=LEFT, padx=26)

exit_button = Button(controls_frame, text='Close', width=10, height=2, borderwidth=3, command=main_window.destroy)
exit_button.pack(side=RIGHT, padx=26)



s = sr.Serial('COM3', 9600)
fig = Figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.set_title("Electrocadiogram")
ax.set_xlabel("Time(Sec)")
ax.set_ylabel("Voltage(mV)")
ax.set_xlim(0, 200)
ax.set_ylim(-0.5, 6)
ax.grid(b=True, which='major', color='#666666', linestyle='-')
ax.minorticks_on()
ax.grid(b=True, which='minor', color='#666666', linestyle='-', alpha=0.2)
canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(fig, master=plotting_frame)
canvas.get_tk_widget().place(x = 0, y = 0, width = 600, height = 420)
canvas.draw()

main_window.mainloop()

Answer 1

您已经创建了一个 Figure 对象和一个 ax，因此始终在其上绘图并更新您的 canvas。
使用 tkinter.after 方法递归调用您的函数，这样它就不会冻结您的 GUI。

以下是展示如何完成所需的最少更改：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import (FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2Tk)
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import numpy as np

from tkinter import *

data = []

def start_plot():
    data.append(np.random.uniform(0, 5))
    ax.plot(data, color="blue")
    canvas.draw_idle()
    main_window.after(100, start_plot) # in milliseconds, 1000 for 1 second

# no change to the rest
....

在 Tkinter GUI 上嵌入 matplotlib 图

Embedding matplotlib graph on Tkinter GUI

user-interface

tkinter

matplotlib

python-3.x