如何使字段可选？ DRF

Question

我使用 django-rest-framework 并且我希望在创建语句时“角色”和“功能”字段是可选的。

请告诉我该怎么做？

我尝试了一些技巧，例如：

我试过：

function = FunctionsCreateSerializer(write_only=True, allow_null=True)

和

class Meta:
    ...

    optional_fields = [...]

但我得到了

"function": [
        "This field is required."
    ]

当我尝试时：

function = FunctionsCreateSerializer(write_only=True, required=False)

我得到：

KeyError at /api/user/ 'function''

我真的不明白如何更改我的序列化器

models.py

class Operator(models.Model):
    ...
    role = models.ForeignKey("OperatorRole", related_name="operator", on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True)


class OperatorRole(models.Model):
    function = models.ManyToManyField("FunctionRole", null=True)
    role = models.TextField(
        max_length=2,
        choices=Role.choices,
        default=Role.THERMIST
    )


class FunctionRole(models.Model):
    function = models.TextField(
        max_length=4,
        choices=Function.choices,
        default=Function.TPST,
        blank=True,
        null=True,
    )

serizlizers.py

class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    ...
    role = RoleSerializer()
    function = FunctionsCreateSerializer(write_only=True)

     class Meta:
        model = models.Operator
        fields = ["id", "username", "password", "email", "is_active", "fio", "position", "phone", "role", "function",
                  "created", "updated"]


class FunctionsSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    def to_representation(self, instance):
        return instance.function

    class Meta:
        model = models.FunctionRole
        fields = ("function",)


class FunctionsCreateSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    function = serializers.MultipleChoiceField(choices=models.Function)


    class Meta:
        model = models.FunctionRole
        fields = ("function",)
        validators = []


class RoleSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    functions = FunctionsSerializer(many=True, read_only=True, source='function', required=False)

    class Meta:
        model = models.OperatorRole
        fields = ("role", "functions",)

views.py

class UserList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = models.Operator.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.UserSerializer
    permission_classes = ADMIN_PERMISSIONS
    filter_backends = DEFAULT_FILTERS
    filter_class = UserFilter
    search_fields = ["user__username", "user__email", "fio", "position",
                     "phone", "role__role", "role__function__function"]

    def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        serializer = serializers.UserSerializer(data=request.data)
        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        self.perform_create(serializer)
        headers = self.get_success_headers(serializer.data)
        return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, headers=headers)

Answer 1

问题是： 您正在 UserList 视图中使用 UserSerializer。但是在那个序列化器中，你有这一行：function = FunctionsCreateSerializer(write_only=True)。如您所料，默认情况下需要它。如果你想让 function 字段可选，那么：

function = FunctionsCreateSerializer(write_only=True, required=False)
从 UserSerializer 中删除行 function = FunctionsCreateSerializer(write_only=True) 并从 Meta 字段中删除字段 function。

如何使字段可选？ DRF

how to make fields optional? DRF

python

django

django-rest-framework