python pygame - 玩家与敌人和子弹相撞

Question

我正在开发一款使用角色 class 和 5 颗不同子弹 class 的“射击”游戏。玩家和敌人是角色 class 的对象。我将子弹起始位置设置在角色矩形的中心（所以子弹从角色中出来）。

碰撞由colliderect定义。示例：“enemy.rect.colliderect(bullet1)” 当玩家射击敌人时它工作正常。如果敌人开始向玩家射击，因为他的子弹在他自己的区域发生碰撞，问题就开始了。

我可以通过 'bullet' class 的倍数来解决这个问题。然后玩家和敌人将从不同的 class 射击。但是每个角色都有 5 个不同的项目符号 class，每个 class 都有不同的变量，而且较短的 class 代码很多。

我很确定有一个聪明的解决方案来替代我的代码行（~500 行）

有什么建议吗？谢谢:)

Answer 1

一个简单的解决方案是您可以简单地为项目符号提供一个额外的参数：一个不应被选中的矩形。所以当检查子弹碰撞你从检查中排除这个矩形。

最小示例（代码注释中的解释）：

import pygame


pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((500, 400))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()


class Bullet:
    # provide an argument for what to check and what to exclude
    def __init__(self, start_pos, x_direction, check, exclude):
        self.image = pygame.Surface((10, 10))
        self.image.fill((255, 255, 0))
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect(center=start_pos)
        self.x_direction = x_direction
        self.check, self.exclude = check, exclude
        self.x_velocity = 5 * self.x_direction
        self.damage = 5
        self.destroy = False

    def draw(self, surf):
        surf.blit(self.image, self.rect)

    def update(self):
        # go over the list of entities to check
        for entity in self.check:
            # if the entity is not the one that is excluded and the entity has
            # attributes that are needed here check for collision
            # and if there is then set the destroy flag to True
            # and stop updating. Also some check to see if the bullet has traveled
            # too far or somethin like that could be added
            if (entity is not self.exclude and hasattr(entity, 'health')
                    and hasattr(entity, 'rect')):
                if self.rect.colliderect(entity.rect):
                    entity.health -= self.damage
                    self.destroy = True
                    return
        self.rect.move_ip(self.x_velocity, 0)


# simple entity class to represent entities (in this case
# only the players and enemies since theoretically this could
# be base class both for bullets and players and enemies)
class Entity:
    def __init__(self, x, y, color, name):
        self.color, self.name = color, name
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(x, y, 30, 60)
        self.health = 100
        self.prev_health = self.health

    def draw(self, surf):
        pygame.draw.rect(surf, self.color, self.rect)

    def update(self):
        # if health has been reduced print the current health
        if self.health < self.prev_health:
            print(f'{self.name} health: {self.health}')
            self.prev_health = self.health


# create the entities
player = Entity(100, 200, (0, 255, 0), 'player')
enemy = Entity(370, 200, (255, 0, 0), 'enemy')
# create a list to store bullets in
bullets = []

while True:
    screen.fill((0, 0, 0))
    
    # create a list for bullets to remove
    # so that they can be removed later
    # without interfering with the checking for loop
    remove_bullets = []
    for bullet in bullets:
        # if the bullet should be destroyed don't update it
        # and add to the bullets to remove
        if bullet.destroy:
            remove_bullets.append(bullet)
        else:
            bullet.update()
            bullet.draw(screen)
    # remove destroyed bullets from the main list
    for bullet in remove_bullets:
        bullets.remove(bullet)
    
    # update
    enemy.update()
    enemy.draw(screen)

    player.update()
    player.draw(screen)

    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            exit()
        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            # usually you would just pass a list of entities that are not like
            # this but rather referenced by name so you would use that
            # instead of passing a list like this. In that case it would make more
            # sense to have an excluded entity as in this case you could just not include
            # in the list at all. Also going over a list to remove a single element
            # would likely be more wasteful
            if event.key == pygame.K_a:
                # if a pressed create a bullet traveling from enemy to player
                bullet = Bullet(enemy.rect.center, -1, [player, enemy], enemy)
                bullets.append(bullet)
            if event.key == pygame.K_d:
                # if d pressed create a bullet traveling from player to enemy
                bullet = Bullet(player.rect.center, 1, [player, enemy], player)
                bullets.append(bullet)

    pygame.display.update()
    clock.tick(60)

另外我觉得你不需要 5 颗子弹类（对于敌人和玩家来说绝对不是 5 颗），如果子弹的行为相似你应该能够简单地改变子弹的一些参数制作 5 类.

Answer 2

bullets = []
to shoot, append this V to list
[[positionX, positionY], [directionX, directionY], Rect for the bullet]

collisions:
for bullet in bullets:
  <update stuff here>
  if bullet[2].colliderect(playerrect): # (rect)
    bullets.remove(bullet)
    pass

python pygame - 玩家与敌人和子弹相撞

python pygame - player and enemy and bullet colliding

pygame