在 Perl 中,使用 XML::Twig 从相关节点中提取文本

In Perl, extract text from related nodes, using XML::Twig

以下是我要解析的 xml 文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<topic id="yerus5" xmlns:ditaarch="http://dita.oasis-open.org/architecture/2005/">



<title/>
  <shortdesc/>
  <body>
<p><b>CCU_CNT_ADDR: (Address=0x004 Reset=32'h1)</b><table id="table_r5b_1xj_ts">
    <tgroup cols="4">
      <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
      <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
      <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
      <colspec colnum="4" colname="col4"/>
      <tbody>
        <row>
          <entry>Field</entry>
          <entry>OFFSET</entry>
          <entry>R/W Access</entry>
          <entry>Description</entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>reg2sm_cnt</entry>
          <entry>15:0</entry>
          <entry>R/W</entry>
          <entry>Count Value to increment in the extenral memory at the specified location.
            Default Value of 1. A Count value of 0 will clear the counter value</entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>ccu2bus_endianess</entry>
          <entry>24</entry>
          <entry>R/W</entry>
          <entry>Endianess of the data structure bit</entry>
        </row></tbody>
    </tgroup>
  </table><b>CCU_STAT_ADDR: (Address=0x008 Reset=32'h0)</b><table id="table_mcc_1xj_ts">
    <tgroup cols="4">
      <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
      <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
      <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
      <colspec colnum="4" colname="col4"/>
      <tbody>
        <row>
          <entry>Field</entry>
          <entry>OFFSET</entry>
          <entry>R/W Access</entry>
          <entry>Description</entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>fifo_cnt</entry>
          <entry>1:0</entry>
          <entry>R</entry>
          <entry>Status. 0x0 indicates that the engine is free. Will be 0x1 on a write to
            address</entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>rfifo_cnt</entry>
          <entry>3:2</entry>
          <entry>R</entry>
          <entry>Status. 0x0 indicates there are no pending read values from CCU engine.</entry>
        </row> </tbody>
    </tgroup>
  </table></p>


</body>
</topic>

在 运行 以下代码之后(在 可用):

        use strict;
    use warnings;
    use XML::Twig;

    use Data::Dumper;

    my @headers;

    my $column_to_show = 'Field';

    sub process_row {
        my %entries;

        my ( $twig, $row ) = @_;
        my @row_entries = map { $_->text } $row->children;
        if (@headers) {
            @entries{@headers} = @row_entries;
            print $column_to_show, " => ", $entries{$column_to_show}, "\n";
        }
        else {
            @headers = @row_entries;
        }
    }

    my $twig = XML::Twig->new(
    'pretty_print' => 'indented_a',
    twig_handlers  => { 'row' => \&process_row }
)->parsefile ( 'your_file.xml' ); 

我能够访问 <entry></entry> 的每个数据。

我无法提取每个 <b></b> 文本的详细信息。是的,我能够提取所有 <b></b> 文本。但无法分别为每个 <b></b> 提取 <row></row>。以下是示例输出:

Name: CCU_CNT_ADDR: (Address=0x004 Reset=32'h1)
Field: reg2sm_cnt 
OFFSET: 15:0 
Access: R/W 
Description: Count Value to increment in the extenral memory at the specified location. Default Value of 1. A Count value of 0 will clear the counter value 

Filed: ccu2bus_endianess 
OFFSET: 24 
Access: R/W 
Description: Endianess of the data structure bit 
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
Name: CCU_STAT_ADDR: (Address=0x008 Reset=32'h0) 
Field: fifo_cnt 
.
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .

我尝试了以下但它不起作用:

foreach my $b ( $twig -> get_xpath ("//b") ) # Extract text of <b></b>
{

print $b ->text, "\n";
    foreach my $row ( $twig -> get_xpath ("//row") )
    {
        print $row ->text, "\n";
    }
}

好吧,考虑到你的例子 - 它实际上有点烦人,因为 XML 没有 明确地 将 'heading' 与 'table' 相关联(例如,将它们封装在 XML 节点中)。

然而,您可以使用 prev_sibling 方法获取同一级别的前一个元素。

#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use XML::Twig;

my $twig = XML::Twig->new->parsefile ( 'your_file.xml' );

foreach my $table ( $twig->get_xpath('//table') ) {
    my $header = $table->prev_sibling->text;
    print "Name: $header\n";
    my @headers;
    foreach my $row ( $table->get_xpath("tgroup/tbody/row") ) {
        my %entries;
        my @row_entries = map { $_->text =~ s/\n\s+//rg; } $row->children;
        if (@headers) {
            @entries{@headers} = @row_entries;
            foreach my $field (@headers) {
                print "$field: $entries{$field}\n";
            }
        }
        else {
            @headers = @row_entries;
        }
    }
    print "----\n";
}

注意 - 此 假设 'element before table' 是 header。它适用于您的特定情况,但只有在 always 直接位于您要显示的 <table> 之前的元素时才会正常工作。

  • 我们运行一个'foreach'循环,挑选出名为table的元素(你的样本中有两个。
  • 每个table,我们假设前一个兄弟元素是header。在这种情况下,这是您的 <b> 元素。不过要小心,因为 <b> 在 HTML 中表示粗体并且是格式标记。
  • 然后我们做与其他基本相同的事情 - 对于每个 table,分解行,这样我们就有一个 header 和一堆列,然后每行打印一个。
  • 作为执行此操作的一部分,我使用正则表达式删除 'linefeed and whitespace' (s/\n\s+//gr),因为描述中的格式看起来有点 'off'。显然,如果不需要,您可以将其删除。 (注意 - 这只适用于较新的 perl 版本 - 5.14+ IIRC)

这会产生:

Name: CCU_CNT_ADDR: (Address=0x004 Reset=32'h1)
Field: reg2sm_cnt
OFFSET: 15:0
R/W Access: R/W
Description: Count Value to increment in the extenral memory at the specified location.Default Value of 1. A Count value of 0 will clear the counter value
Field: ccu2bus_endianess
OFFSET: 24
R/W Access: R/W
Description: Endianess of the data structure bit
----
Name: CCU_STAT_ADDR: (Address=0x008 Reset=32'h0)
Field: fifo_cnt
OFFSET: 1:0
R/W Access: R
Description: Status. 0x0 indicates that the engine is free. Will be 0x1 on a write toaddress
Field: rfifo_cnt
OFFSET: 3:2
R/W Access: R
Description: Status. 0x0 indicates there are no pending read values from CCU engine.
----