如何绘制宽度可变但 Python 中没有间隙的条形图，并在 x 轴上添加条形宽度作为标签？

Question

我有三个列表：x、y 和 w，如图所示： x 是对象的名称。 y 是它的高度，w 是它的宽度。

x = ["A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H"]

y = [-25, -10, 5, 10, 30, 40, 50, 60]

w = [30, 20, 25, 40, 20, 40, 40, 30]

我想在 Python 中的条形图中绘制这些值，这样 y 代表高度，w 代表条形宽度。

当我使用

绘制它时

colors = ["yellow","limegreen","green","blue","red","brown","grey","black"]

plt.bar(x, height = y, width = w, color = colors, alpha = 0.8)

我得到如下图：

接下来，我尝试使用

标准化宽度，使条形不会相互重叠

w_new = [i/max(w) for i in w]
plt.bar(x, height = y, width = w_new, color = colors, alpha = 0.8)
#plt.axvline(x = ?)
plt.xlim((-0.5, 7.5))

我得到比以前更好的结果，如图所示：

但是，条形之间的间隙仍然不均匀。例如，B 和 C 之间存在较大差距。但是F和G之间，没有差距。

我想要两个连续柱之间有均匀间隙宽度或没有间隙的地块。它应该如下所示：

如何在 Python 中创建这种类型的绘图？是否可以使用任何数据可视化库，例如 matplotlib、seaborn 或 Plotly？如果数据在 dataframe 中可用，是否有其他替代方法？

此外，我想在图的右侧添加 A、B、C 等标签，而是将条形的实际宽度作为 x 轴上的标签（例如，用红色表示上面 x 轴图中的数字）。我还想在距离 x 轴 50 处添加一条垂直红线。我知道这可以使用 plt.axvline(x = ...) 添加，但我不确定我应该将 x 的值表示为多少，因为 W 的比例与 x 轴的长度不完全一致。

Answer 1

IIUC，你可以这样试试：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = ["A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H"]

y = [-25, -10, 5, 10, 30, 40, 50, 60]

w = [30, 20, 25, 40, 20, 40, 40, 30]

colors = ["yellow","limegreen","green","blue","red","brown","grey","black"]

#plt.bar(x, height = y, width = w, color = colors, alpha = 0.8)

xticks=[]
for n, c in enumerate(w):
    xticks.append(sum(w[:n]) + w[n]/2)
    
w_new = [i/max(w) for i in w]
a = plt.bar(xticks, height = y, width = w, color = colors, alpha = 0.8)
_ = plt.xticks(xticks, x)

plt.legend(a.patches, x)

输出：

或更改条宽的 xticklabels：

xticks=[]
for n, c in enumerate(w):
    xticks.append(sum(w[:n]) + w[n]/2)
    
w_new = [i/max(w) for i in w]
a = plt.bar(xticks, height = y, width = w, color = colors, alpha = 0.8)
_ = plt.xticks(xticks, w)
plt.legend(a.patches, x)

输出：

Answer 2

我想出了一个替代方法。

x = ["A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H"]

y = [-25, -10, 5, 10, 30, 40, 50, 60]

w = [30, 20, 25, 40, 20, 40, 40, 30]

xpos = []

a = 0
for i in range(len(w)):
    if i == 0:
        a+=w[i]
       
        xpos.append(w[i]/2)
        
    else:
        a += w[i]
       
        xpos.append(a - w[i]/2)

colors = ["yellow","limegreen","green","blue","red","brown","grey","black"]


fig = plt.bar(xpos,
        height = y,
        width = w,
        color = colors,
        alpha = 0.5,
      )

plt.xticks(ticks = xpos, labels = w)

plt.xlim((0, 245))
plt.axvline(x = 150)
plt.legend(fig.patches, x)

plt.show()

如何绘制宽度可变但 Python 中没有间隙的条形图，并在 x 轴上添加条形宽度作为标签？

How can I plot bar plots with variable widths but without gaps in Python, and add bar width as labels on the x-axis?

python

matplotlib

python-3.x

pandas

seaborn