子目录中 运行 Django 的正确权限和虚拟主机是什么？
What are the correct permissions and virtualhosts for running Django in a sub-directory?
我正在尝试在子目录中安装和 运行 Django，以将其与根目录中的静态 html 站点隔离；这两个问题没有帮助而且很老：install django on subdirectory and Configure django on sub directory
这是 file/folder 权限、Apache 用户、虚拟主机还是 Python 问题？
为什么 .py 文件没有执行？
大纲:
- 我正在 运行宁 Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS
- Apache2 已经安装并且正在 运行ning
- Python3 并安装了 Django
- libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3 安装并启用
apachectl configtest 语法正常- 所有文件已更改为
www-data:www-data
/var/log/apache2/access.log为空
/var/log/apache2/error.log 包含：
[mpm_prefork:notice] [pid 69090] AH00163: Apache/2.4.41 (Ubuntu)
OpenSSL/1.1.1k mod_wsgi/4.6.8 Python/3.8 configured -- resuming normal
operations
[core:notice] [pid 69090] AH00094: Command line: '/usr/sbin/apache2'
我运行启动Django项目的常用shell命令：
root@localhost:~# django-admin.py startproject contact
然后我运行成功创建超级用户、collectstatic 等。
我正在尝试使用 /contact/contactform/templates/contact.html 中的 Django 表单，其中包含：
<form action="/contact/" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<div class="frc-captcha mb-2" data-sitekey={{ captcha_site_key }}></div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Send</button>
</form>
然后转到 https://example.com/contact/ 会引发 403 错误。
根目录下的 .htaccess 文件有
RewriteEngine on
ServerSignature Off
Options All -Indexes
这是我的 public_html 文件结构：
/contact/contact/settings.py
import os
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
SECRET_KEY = '...'
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'contact.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'contact.wsgi.application'
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
}
}
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")
/etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl.conf:
<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
<VirtualHost _default_:443>
ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
DocumentRoot /var/www/html
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
SSLEngine on
SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
#SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crt/server-ca.crt
#SSLCACertificatePath /etc/ssl/certs/
#SSLCACertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crt/ca-bundle.crt
<FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$">
SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
</FilesMatch>
<Directory /usr/lib/cgi-bin>
SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
</Directory>
Alias /static /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/static
Alias /media /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/media
<Directory /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/static>
Require all granted
</Directory>
<Directory /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/media>
Require all granted
</Directory>
WSGIScriptAlias /contact/contact /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/contact/wsgi.py
WSGIDaemonProcess contact python-home=/var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/contact
WSGIProcessGroup contact
WSGISocketPrefix run/wsgi
<Directory /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/contact>
<Files wsgi.py>
Require all granted
</Files>
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
</IfModule>
# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet
/contact/contact/wsgi.py:
import os
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'contact.settings')
application = get_wsgi_application()
/contact/contact/urls.py:
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('', include('contactform.urls', namespace='contactform')),
]
/contact/contactform/urls.py:
from django.urls import path
from . import views
app_name = 'contact'
urlpatterns = [
path('thanks/', views.thanks, name='thanks'),
path('contact/', views.contact, name='contact'),
]
您的 000-default.conf 中的一行定义了您的 python 可执行文件的路径：
WSGIDaemonProcess contact python-path=/var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact python-home=/var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/contact
如果你想让apache找到shell中使用的python，你应该删除python-path参数
WSGIDaemonProcess contact python-home=/var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/contact
或者让它指向您的 python3 安装
WSGIDaemonProcess contact python-path=/my/python3/path python-home=/var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/contact
这样你就不会再收到关于 python2.7 被使用的警告，它可能有助于你的项目工作
您还应该确保您的 mod-wsgi 是使用 python3 安装的，而不是使用 python2.7
这就是最终对我有用的方法：
我需要在 wsgi.py 中添加 #added lines
（来自 https://www.metaltoad.com/blog/hosting-django-sites-apache ）
import os
import sys #added
sys.path.append('/var/www/html/contact') #added
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'contact.settings')
application = get_wsgi_application()
我没有编辑 /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl.conf，而是编辑了 /etc/apache2/apache2.conf:
Alias /static /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/static
Alias /media /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/media
<Directory /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/static>
Require all granted
</Directory>
<Directory /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/media>
Require all granted
</Directory>
WSGIScriptAlias /contact /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/contact/wsgi.py process-group=contact
WSGIDaemonProcess contact python-path=/var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact
WSGIProcessGroup contact
<Directory /var/www/html>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride all
Require all granted
<Files wsgi.py>
Require all granted
</Files>
</Directory>
我正在尝试在子目录中安装和 运行 Django，以将其与根目录中的静态 html 站点隔离；这两个问题没有帮助而且很老：install django on subdirectory and Configure django on sub directory
这是 file/folder 权限、Apache 用户、虚拟主机还是 Python 问题？
为什么 .py 文件没有执行？
大纲:
- 我正在 运行宁 Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS
- Apache2 已经安装并且正在 运行ning
- Python3 并安装了 Django
- libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3 安装并启用
apachectl configtest语法正常- 所有文件已更改为
www-data:www-data
/var/log/apache2/access.log为空
/var/log/apache2/error.log 包含：
[mpm_prefork:notice] [pid 69090] AH00163: Apache/2.4.41 (Ubuntu) OpenSSL/1.1.1k mod_wsgi/4.6.8 Python/3.8 configured -- resuming normal operations
[core:notice] [pid 69090] AH00094: Command line: '/usr/sbin/apache2'
我运行启动Django项目的常用shell命令：
root@localhost:~# django-admin.py startproject contact
然后我运行成功创建超级用户、collectstatic 等。
我正在尝试使用 /contact/contactform/templates/contact.html 中的 Django 表单，其中包含：
<form action="/contact/" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<div class="frc-captcha mb-2" data-sitekey={{ captcha_site_key }}></div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Send</button>
</form>
然后转到 https://example.com/contact/ 会引发 403 错误。
根目录下的 .htaccess 文件有
RewriteEngine on
ServerSignature Off
Options All -Indexes
这是我的 public_html 文件结构：
/contact/contact/settings.py
import os
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
SECRET_KEY = '...'
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'contact.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'contact.wsgi.application'
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
}
}
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")
/etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl.conf:
<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
<VirtualHost _default_:443>
ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
DocumentRoot /var/www/html
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
SSLEngine on
SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
#SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crt/server-ca.crt
#SSLCACertificatePath /etc/ssl/certs/
#SSLCACertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crt/ca-bundle.crt
<FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$">
SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
</FilesMatch>
<Directory /usr/lib/cgi-bin>
SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
</Directory>
Alias /static /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/static
Alias /media /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/media
<Directory /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/static>
Require all granted
</Directory>
<Directory /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/media>
Require all granted
</Directory>
WSGIScriptAlias /contact/contact /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/contact/wsgi.py
WSGIDaemonProcess contact python-home=/var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/contact
WSGIProcessGroup contact
WSGISocketPrefix run/wsgi
<Directory /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/contact>
<Files wsgi.py>
Require all granted
</Files>
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
</IfModule>
# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet
/contact/contact/wsgi.py:
import os
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'contact.settings')
application = get_wsgi_application()
/contact/contact/urls.py:
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('', include('contactform.urls', namespace='contactform')),
]
/contact/contactform/urls.py:
from django.urls import path
from . import views
app_name = 'contact'
urlpatterns = [
path('thanks/', views.thanks, name='thanks'),
path('contact/', views.contact, name='contact'),
]
您的 000-default.conf 中的一行定义了您的 python 可执行文件的路径：
WSGIDaemonProcess contact python-path=/var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact python-home=/var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/contact
如果你想让apache找到shell中使用的python，你应该删除python-path参数
WSGIDaemonProcess contact python-home=/var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/contact
或者让它指向您的 python3 安装
WSGIDaemonProcess contact python-path=/my/python3/path python-home=/var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/contact
这样你就不会再收到关于 python2.7 被使用的警告，它可能有助于你的项目工作
您还应该确保您的 mod-wsgi 是使用 python3 安装的，而不是使用 python2.7
这就是最终对我有用的方法：
我需要在 wsgi.py 中添加 #added lines
（来自 https://www.metaltoad.com/blog/hosting-django-sites-apache ）
import os
import sys #added
sys.path.append('/var/www/html/contact') #added
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'contact.settings')
application = get_wsgi_application()
我没有编辑 /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl.conf，而是编辑了 /etc/apache2/apache2.conf:
Alias /static /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/static
Alias /media /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/media
<Directory /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/static>
Require all granted
</Directory>
<Directory /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/media>
Require all granted
</Directory>
WSGIScriptAlias /contact /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact/contact/wsgi.py process-group=contact
WSGIDaemonProcess contact python-path=/var/www/html/example.com/public_html/contact
WSGIProcessGroup contact
<Directory /var/www/html>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride all
Require all granted
<Files wsgi.py>
Require all granted
</Files>
</Directory>