在多列索引 pandas DataFrame 中将列级别移至顶部

Question

在 pandas 多列索引中将特定列级别移动到顶部的 pythonic 方法是什么？

玩具示例：

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

cols = pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays(
    [
        ["a1", "a1", "a1", "a1"],
        ["b1", "b1", "b2", "b2"],
        ["x1", "x1", "x1", "x1"],
        ["c1", "c1", "c1", "c1"],
    ],
    names=(
        "unknown_level_name_0",
        "unknown_level_name_1",
        "known_level_name",
        "unknown_level_name_last",
    ),
)

df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(0, 100, [5, 4]), columns=cols)

print(df)

unknown_level_name_0     a1            
unknown_level_name_1     b1      b2    
known_level_name         x1      x1    
unknown_level_name_last  c1  c1  c1  c1
0                        37  34  97  19
1                        54  47  53  46
2                        63  94  14  85
3                        16  51  27  96
4                        32  64  76  26

我正在寻找以下结果：

known_level_name         x1      x1    
unknown_level_name_0     a1            
unknown_level_name_1     b1      b2    
unknown_level_name_last  c1  c1  c1  c1
0                        37  34  97  19
1                        54  47  53  46
2                        63  94  14  85
3                        16  51  27  96
4                        32  64  76  26

编辑：
可以有可变数量的级别。大多数级别名称是未知的。但是，总会有一个熟悉的关卡名称（此处为：“known_level_name”）。如果我不知道“known_level_name”的确切位置，使用 reorder_levels 或 swaplevel 可能会变得棘手。

Answer 1

你可以试试reorder_levels

out = df.reorder_levels([2,0,1,3], axis=1)
Out[184]: 
known_level_name         x1            
unknown_level_name_0     a1            
unknown_level_name_1     b1      b2    
unknown_level_name_last  c1  c1  c1  c1
0                        98  32  72  94
1                        22  71  15   2
2                        25  41  42  38
3                        87  74  41  82
4                        87  31  18   8

Answer 2

使用reorder_levels (also available as DataFrame method):

# by index
df.columns = df.columns.reorder_levels(order=[2,0,1,3])

或：

# by name
df.columns = df.columns.reorder_levels(order=['unknown_level_name_1',
                                              'known_level_name',
                                              'unknown_level_name_0',
                                              'unknown_level_name_last'
                                             ])

替代，多个swaplevel：

   # move level 2 up    # move again up
df.swaplevel(2,1,axis=1).swaplevel(1,0,axis=1)

输出：

known_level_name         x1            
unknown_level_name_0     a1            
unknown_level_name_1     b1      b2    
unknown_level_name_last  c1  c1  c1  c1
0                        17  68  61  88
1                         6  62  81   7
2                        82  16  85  92
3                        40  22  48   0
4                        35  46  68  60

Answer 3

这是一个将列级别（按标签或索引）移动到顶部的通用函数：

def move_top(df, col, inplace=False):
    if col in df.columns.names:
        idx = df.columns.names.index(col)
    elif isinstance(col, int) and 0 < col < len(df.columns.names):
        idx = col
    else:
        raise IndexError(f'invalid index "{col}"')
    order = list(range(len(df.columns.names)))
    order.pop(idx)
    order = [idx]+order
    if inplace:
        df.columns = df.columns.reorder_levels(order=order)
    else:
        return df.reorder_levels(order, axis=1)
    
move_top(df, 'known_level_name')

输出：

known_level_name         x1            
unknown_level_name_0     a1            
unknown_level_name_1     b1      b2    
unknown_level_name_last  c1  c1  c1  c1
0                        33  30  23  77
1                        10  73  80  33
2                         7  54  52   9
3                        71  99  22  22
4                        83  15  86  40

在多列索引 pandas DataFrame 中将列级别移至顶部

Move column level to top in multi column index pandas DataFrame

multi-index

pandas