使用 tkinter 和 grid 以绝对方式定位按钮
Using tkinter and grid to position buttons in an absolute manner
我刚开始使用 tkinter，我正在努力让我的按钮呈现在屏幕的最底部，均匀分布，填满整个底行。
我一直在使用 grid() 来尝试这样做，但没有成功。我希望这三个按钮在不影响页面其他组件（例如顶部的文本）的情况下呈现。我正在尝试完成一个具有三个按钮的 window，每个按钮呈现一个您可以与之交互的不同页面。
下面是我的完整代码，我非常感谢您提供的任何见解。
from cgitb import text
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
LARGEFONT =("Verdana", 35)
class tkinterApp(tk.Tk):
# __init__ function for class tkinterApp
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# __init__ function for class Tk
tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
# creating a container
container = tk.Frame(self)
container.grid(row=0, column=0)
container.grid_rowconfigure(0)
container.grid_columnconfigure(0)
# initializing frames to an empty array
self.frames = {}
# iterating through a tuple consisting
# of the different page layouts
for F in (StartPage, Page1, Page2):
frame = F(container, self)
# initializing frame of that object from
# startpage, page1, page2 respectively with
# for loop
self.frames[F] = frame
frame.grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky ="nsew")
self.show_frame(StartPage)
# to display the current frame passed as
# parameter
def show_frame(self, cont):
frame = self.frames[cont]
frame.tkraise()
class StartPage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
# label of frame Layout 2
welcome = ttk.Label(self, text ="Welcome!", font = LARGEFONT)
welcome.grid(row = 0, column = 2, )
button1 = ttk.Button(self, text ="Page 1", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(Page1))
button1.grid(row = 9, column = 1, padx = 10, pady = 10)
button2 = ttk.Button(self, text ="Page 2", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(Page2))
button2.grid(row = 9, column = 2, padx = 10, pady = 10)
# second window frame page1
class Page1(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
label = ttk.Label(self, text ="Page 1", font = LARGEFONT)
label.grid(row = 0, column = 2, )
button1 = ttk.Button(self, text ="StartPage", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(StartPage))
button1.grid(row = 9, column = 1, padx = 10, pady = 10)
button2 = ttk.Button(self, text ="Page 2", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(Page2))
button2.grid(row = 9, column = 2, padx = 10, pady = 10)
# third window frame page2
class Page2(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
label = ttk.Label(self, text ="Page 3", font = LARGEFONT)
label.grid(row = 0, column = 2, )
button1 = ttk.Button(self, text ="Page 1", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(Page1))
button1.grid(row = 9, column = 1, padx = 10, pady = 10)
button2 = ttk.Button(self, text ="Startpage", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(StartPage))
button2.grid(row = 9, column = 2, padx = 10, pady = 10)
# Driver Code
app = tkinterApp()
app.geometry("800x425")
app.mainloop()
您正在使用 grid 和 pack。你永远不应该混合这两个布局管理器，因为它会导致未知的错误行为。也许您的代码在剔除该 pack 调用后会起作用。
我对您的代码进行了以下更改以使其正常工作：
网格化根 window 以便 container 将占据 window 中的整个 space。
#Gridding the tkinter window
self.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight = 1)
self.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight = 1)
container 使用 sticky = 'nsew' 向各个方向扩展。
container.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky = 'nsew')
已修改 __init__ 并将 tkraise 添加到所有 页面 类.
我将使用下面的代码块进行解释。
class StartPage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
# label of frame Layout 2
welcome = ttk.Label(self, text ="Welcome!", font = LARGEFONT)
welcome.grid(row = 0, column = 2)
#Creating a frame exclusively for the buttons
self.frame_buttons = tk.Frame(parent)
self.frame_buttons.grid(row = 1, column = 0, columnspan = 3)
self.frame_buttons.grid_remove()
#Gridding self.frame_buttons
self.frame_buttons.grid_columnconfigure((0,1), weight = 1)
self.frame_buttons.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight = 1)
button1 = ttk.Button(self.frame_buttons, text ="Page 1", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(Page1))
button1.grid(row = 0, column = 0, padx = 10, pady = 10)
button2 = ttk.Button(self.frame_buttons, text ="Page 2", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(Page2))
button2.grid(row = 0, column = 1, padx = 10, pady = 10)
def tkraise(self):
self.frame_buttons.grid()
self.frame_buttons.tkraise()
tk.Frame.tkraise(self)
在__init__方法中，创建self.frame_buttons并将所有按钮添加到其中。它使用 .grid 显示，然后立即使用 .grid_remove() 删除。使用.grid_remove()的好处是grid选项被记住了，以后可以直接用.grid()来显示frame。
在tkraise方法中，显示框架，提升到顶部，然后tk.Frame.tkraise(self)用于调用in-built方法。
工作代码：
from cgitb import text
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
LARGEFONT =("Verdana", 35)
class tkinterApp(tk.Tk):
# __init__ function for class tkinterApp
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# __init__ function for class Tk
tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
#Gridding the tkinter window
self.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight = 1)
self.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight = 1)
# creating a container
container = tk.Frame(self)
container.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky = 'nsew')
container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight = 1)
container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight = 1)
# initializing frames to an empty array
self.frames = {}
# iterating through a tuple consisting
# of the different page layouts
for F in (StartPage, Page1, Page2):
frame = F(container, self)
# initializing frame of that object from
# startpage, page1, page2 respectively with
# for loop
self.frames[F] = frame
frame.grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky ="nsew")
self.show_frame(StartPage)
# to display the current frame passed as
# parameter
def show_frame(self, cont):
frame = self.frames[cont]
frame.tkraise()
class StartPage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
# label of frame Layout 2
welcome = ttk.Label(self, text ="Welcome!", font = LARGEFONT)
welcome.grid(row = 0, column = 2)
#Creating a frame exclusively for the buttons
self.frame_buttons = tk.Frame(parent)
self.frame_buttons.grid(row = 1, column = 0, columnspan = 3)
self.frame_buttons.grid_remove()
#Gridding self.frame_buttons
self.frame_buttons.grid_columnconfigure((0,1), weight = 1)
self.frame_buttons.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight = 1)
button1 = ttk.Button(self.frame_buttons, text ="Page 1", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(Page1))
button1.grid(row = 0, column = 0, padx = 10, pady = 10)
button2 = ttk.Button(self.frame_buttons, text ="Page 2", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(Page2))
button2.grid(row = 0, column = 1, padx = 10, pady = 10)
def tkraise(self):
self.frame_buttons.grid()
self.frame_buttons.tkraise()
tk.Frame.tkraise(self)
# second window frame page1
class Page1(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
label = ttk.Label(self, text ="Page 1", font = LARGEFONT)
label.grid(row = 0, column = 2)
#Creating a frame exclusively for the buttons
self.frame_buttons = tk.Frame(parent)
self.frame_buttons.grid(row = 1, column = 0, columnspan = 3)
self.frame_buttons.grid_remove()
#Gridding self.frame_buttons
self.frame_buttons.grid_columnconfigure((0,1), weight = 1)
self.frame_buttons.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight = 1)
button1 = ttk.Button(self.frame_buttons, text ="StartPage", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(StartPage))
button1.grid(row = 0, column = 0, padx = 10, pady = 10)
button2 = ttk.Button(self.frame_buttons, text ="Page 2", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(Page2))
button2.grid(row = 0, column = 1, padx = 10, pady = 10)
def tkraise(self):
self.frame_buttons.grid()
self.frame_buttons.tkraise()
tk.Frame.tkraise(self)
# third window frame page2
class Page2(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
label = ttk.Label(self, text ="Page 2", font = LARGEFONT)
label.grid(row = 0, column = 2)
#Creating a frame exclusively for the buttons
self.frame_buttons = tk.Frame(parent)
self.frame_buttons.grid(row = 1, column = 0, columnspan = 3)
self.frame_buttons.grid_remove()
#Gridding self.frame_buttons
self.frame_buttons.grid_columnconfigure((0,1), weight = 1)
self.frame_buttons.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight = 1)
button1 = ttk.Button(self.frame_buttons, text ="Page 1", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(Page1))
button1.grid(row = 0, column = 0, padx = 10, pady = 10)
button2 = ttk.Button(self.frame_buttons, text ="Startpage", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(StartPage))
button2.grid(row = 0, column = 1, padx = 10, pady = 10)
def tkraise(self):
self.frame_buttons.grid()
self.frame_buttons.tkraise()
tk.Frame.tkraise(self)
# Driver Code
app = tkinterApp()
app.geometry("800x425")
app.mainloop()
我刚开始使用 tkinter，我正在努力让我的按钮呈现在屏幕的最底部，均匀分布，填满整个底行。
我一直在使用 grid() 来尝试这样做，但没有成功。我希望这三个按钮在不影响页面其他组件（例如顶部的文本）的情况下呈现。我正在尝试完成一个具有三个按钮的 window，每个按钮呈现一个您可以与之交互的不同页面。
下面是我的完整代码，我非常感谢您提供的任何见解。
from cgitb import text
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
LARGEFONT =("Verdana", 35)
class tkinterApp(tk.Tk):
# __init__ function for class tkinterApp
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# __init__ function for class Tk
tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
# creating a container
container = tk.Frame(self)
container.grid(row=0, column=0)
container.grid_rowconfigure(0)
container.grid_columnconfigure(0)
# initializing frames to an empty array
self.frames = {}
# iterating through a tuple consisting
# of the different page layouts
for F in (StartPage, Page1, Page2):
frame = F(container, self)
# initializing frame of that object from
# startpage, page1, page2 respectively with
# for loop
self.frames[F] = frame
frame.grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky ="nsew")
self.show_frame(StartPage)
# to display the current frame passed as
# parameter
def show_frame(self, cont):
frame = self.frames[cont]
frame.tkraise()
class StartPage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
# label of frame Layout 2
welcome = ttk.Label(self, text ="Welcome!", font = LARGEFONT)
welcome.grid(row = 0, column = 2, )
button1 = ttk.Button(self, text ="Page 1", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(Page1))
button1.grid(row = 9, column = 1, padx = 10, pady = 10)
button2 = ttk.Button(self, text ="Page 2", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(Page2))
button2.grid(row = 9, column = 2, padx = 10, pady = 10)
# second window frame page1
class Page1(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
label = ttk.Label(self, text ="Page 1", font = LARGEFONT)
label.grid(row = 0, column = 2, )
button1 = ttk.Button(self, text ="StartPage", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(StartPage))
button1.grid(row = 9, column = 1, padx = 10, pady = 10)
button2 = ttk.Button(self, text ="Page 2", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(Page2))
button2.grid(row = 9, column = 2, padx = 10, pady = 10)
# third window frame page2
class Page2(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
label = ttk.Label(self, text ="Page 3", font = LARGEFONT)
label.grid(row = 0, column = 2, )
button1 = ttk.Button(self, text ="Page 1", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(Page1))
button1.grid(row = 9, column = 1, padx = 10, pady = 10)
button2 = ttk.Button(self, text ="Startpage", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(StartPage))
button2.grid(row = 9, column = 2, padx = 10, pady = 10)
# Driver Code
app = tkinterApp()
app.geometry("800x425")
app.mainloop()
您正在使用 grid 和 pack。你永远不应该混合这两个布局管理器，因为它会导致未知的错误行为。也许您的代码在剔除该 pack 调用后会起作用。
我对您的代码进行了以下更改以使其正常工作：
网格化根 window 以便 container 将占据 window 中的整个 space。
#Gridding the tkinter window
self.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight = 1)
self.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight = 1)
container 使用 sticky = 'nsew' 向各个方向扩展。
container.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky = 'nsew')
已修改 __init__ 并将 tkraise 添加到所有 页面 类.
我将使用下面的代码块进行解释。
class StartPage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
# label of frame Layout 2
welcome = ttk.Label(self, text ="Welcome!", font = LARGEFONT)
welcome.grid(row = 0, column = 2)
#Creating a frame exclusively for the buttons
self.frame_buttons = tk.Frame(parent)
self.frame_buttons.grid(row = 1, column = 0, columnspan = 3)
self.frame_buttons.grid_remove()
#Gridding self.frame_buttons
self.frame_buttons.grid_columnconfigure((0,1), weight = 1)
self.frame_buttons.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight = 1)
button1 = ttk.Button(self.frame_buttons, text ="Page 1", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(Page1))
button1.grid(row = 0, column = 0, padx = 10, pady = 10)
button2 = ttk.Button(self.frame_buttons, text ="Page 2", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(Page2))
button2.grid(row = 0, column = 1, padx = 10, pady = 10)
def tkraise(self):
self.frame_buttons.grid()
self.frame_buttons.tkraise()
tk.Frame.tkraise(self)
在__init__方法中，创建self.frame_buttons并将所有按钮添加到其中。它使用 .grid 显示，然后立即使用 .grid_remove() 删除。使用.grid_remove()的好处是grid选项被记住了，以后可以直接用.grid()来显示frame。
在tkraise方法中，显示框架，提升到顶部，然后tk.Frame.tkraise(self)用于调用in-built方法。
工作代码：
from cgitb import text
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
LARGEFONT =("Verdana", 35)
class tkinterApp(tk.Tk):
# __init__ function for class tkinterApp
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# __init__ function for class Tk
tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
#Gridding the tkinter window
self.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight = 1)
self.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight = 1)
# creating a container
container = tk.Frame(self)
container.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky = 'nsew')
container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight = 1)
container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight = 1)
# initializing frames to an empty array
self.frames = {}
# iterating through a tuple consisting
# of the different page layouts
for F in (StartPage, Page1, Page2):
frame = F(container, self)
# initializing frame of that object from
# startpage, page1, page2 respectively with
# for loop
self.frames[F] = frame
frame.grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky ="nsew")
self.show_frame(StartPage)
# to display the current frame passed as
# parameter
def show_frame(self, cont):
frame = self.frames[cont]
frame.tkraise()
class StartPage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
# label of frame Layout 2
welcome = ttk.Label(self, text ="Welcome!", font = LARGEFONT)
welcome.grid(row = 0, column = 2)
#Creating a frame exclusively for the buttons
self.frame_buttons = tk.Frame(parent)
self.frame_buttons.grid(row = 1, column = 0, columnspan = 3)
self.frame_buttons.grid_remove()
#Gridding self.frame_buttons
self.frame_buttons.grid_columnconfigure((0,1), weight = 1)
self.frame_buttons.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight = 1)
button1 = ttk.Button(self.frame_buttons, text ="Page 1", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(Page1))
button1.grid(row = 0, column = 0, padx = 10, pady = 10)
button2 = ttk.Button(self.frame_buttons, text ="Page 2", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(Page2))
button2.grid(row = 0, column = 1, padx = 10, pady = 10)
def tkraise(self):
self.frame_buttons.grid()
self.frame_buttons.tkraise()
tk.Frame.tkraise(self)
# second window frame page1
class Page1(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
label = ttk.Label(self, text ="Page 1", font = LARGEFONT)
label.grid(row = 0, column = 2)
#Creating a frame exclusively for the buttons
self.frame_buttons = tk.Frame(parent)
self.frame_buttons.grid(row = 1, column = 0, columnspan = 3)
self.frame_buttons.grid_remove()
#Gridding self.frame_buttons
self.frame_buttons.grid_columnconfigure((0,1), weight = 1)
self.frame_buttons.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight = 1)
button1 = ttk.Button(self.frame_buttons, text ="StartPage", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(StartPage))
button1.grid(row = 0, column = 0, padx = 10, pady = 10)
button2 = ttk.Button(self.frame_buttons, text ="Page 2", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(Page2))
button2.grid(row = 0, column = 1, padx = 10, pady = 10)
def tkraise(self):
self.frame_buttons.grid()
self.frame_buttons.tkraise()
tk.Frame.tkraise(self)
# third window frame page2
class Page2(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
label = ttk.Label(self, text ="Page 2", font = LARGEFONT)
label.grid(row = 0, column = 2)
#Creating a frame exclusively for the buttons
self.frame_buttons = tk.Frame(parent)
self.frame_buttons.grid(row = 1, column = 0, columnspan = 3)
self.frame_buttons.grid_remove()
#Gridding self.frame_buttons
self.frame_buttons.grid_columnconfigure((0,1), weight = 1)
self.frame_buttons.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight = 1)
button1 = ttk.Button(self.frame_buttons, text ="Page 1", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(Page1))
button1.grid(row = 0, column = 0, padx = 10, pady = 10)
button2 = ttk.Button(self.frame_buttons, text ="Startpage", command = lambda : controller.show_frame(StartPage))
button2.grid(row = 0, column = 1, padx = 10, pady = 10)
def tkraise(self):
self.frame_buttons.grid()
self.frame_buttons.tkraise()
tk.Frame.tkraise(self)
# Driver Code
app = tkinterApp()
app.geometry("800x425")
app.mainloop()