对行的相似列进行排序，并将行的其他项目放在排序后的行名称下方

Question

对行名称进行排序并在其下方打印相应的值。

文本文件包含

x 1 asd
x 2 asd
x 3 asd
x 4 asd
x 5 asd
x 5 asd
x 7 asd
b 8 axy
b 9 axc

需要输出

x 
asd
asd
asd
asd
asd
asd
asd

b
axy
axc

Answer 1

使用 csv reader

with open("file.txt", "r") as f:
    oldx, newx = '', ''
    for row in csv.reader(f, delimiter=' '):
        newx = row[0]
        if newx != oldx:
            print(newx)
            oldx = newx
        print(row[-1])

Answer 2

这是一种方法：

with open('infile.txt', 'r', encoding="utf-8") as f:
    rows = [row.split() for row in f.readlines()]
    print('rows:'); print(rows)
    column = [rows[0][0]] + [row[-1] for row in rows]
    print('column:'); print(column)
    with open('outfile.txt', 'w', encoding="utf-8") as g:
        for row in column:
            g.write(f'{row}\n')

# check the output file:
with open('outfile.txt', 'r', encoding="utf-8") as f:
    print('contents of output file:')
    [print(row.strip('\n')) for row in f.readlines()]

解释：

从输入文件中读取所有行并将每一行拆分为一个标记列表，创建一个名为 rows
创建一个名为 column 的列表，其第一个元素是 rows 的左上角元素，其余元素来自 rows
将column的内容一次一个地写入输出文件，每行使用\n作为行终止符
读取并打印输出文件以检查它包含所需的输出（注意去除最后的 \n 因为 print() 附加了它自己的 \n）

输出：

rows:
[['x', '1', 'asd'], ['x', '2', 'asd'], ['x', '3', 'asd'], ['x', '4', 'asd'], ['x', '5', 'asd'], ['x', '5', 'asd'], ['x', '7', 'asd']]
column:
['x', 'asd', 'asd', 'asd', 'asd', 'asd', 'asd', 'asd']
contents of output file:
x
asd
asd
asd
asd
asd
asd
asd

更新：解决 OP 修改后的问题。

with open('infile.txt', 'r', encoding="utf-8") as f:
    rows = [row.split() for row in f.readlines()]
    print('rows:'); print(rows)
    columns = []
    col = []
    iRow = 0
    while iRow < len(rows):
        if iRow == 0 or rows[iRow - 1][0] != rows[iRow][0]:
            if iRow > 0:
                columns.append(col)
            col = [rows[iRow][0]]
        col.append(rows[iRow][-1])
        iRow += 1
    columns.append(col)
    print('columns:'); print(columns)
    
    #column = [rows[0][0]] + [row[-1] for row in rows]
    #print('column:'); print(column)
    with open('outfile.txt', 'w', encoding="utf-8") as g:
        isFirstCol = True
        for column in columns:
            if isFirstCol:
                isFirstCol = False
            else:
                g.write(f'\n')
            for row in column:
                g.write(f'{row}\n')

# check the output file:
with open('outfile.txt', 'r', encoding="utf-8") as f:
    print('contents of output file:')
    [print(row.strip('\n')) for row in f.readlines()]

输出：

rows:
[['x', '1', 'asd'], ['x', '2', 'asd'], ['x', '3', 'asd'], ['x', '4', 'asd'], ['x', '5', 'asd'], ['x', '5', 'asd'], ['x', '7', 'asd'], ['b', '8', 'axy'], ['b', '9', 'axc']]
columns:
[['x', 'asd', 'asd', 'asd', 'asd', 'asd', 'asd', 'asd'], ['b', 'axy', 'axc']]
contents of output file:
x
asd
asd
asd
asd
asd
asd
asd

b
axy
axc

对行的相似列进行排序，并将行的其他项目放在排序后的行名称下方

sort row's similar columns and put row other items below the sorted row name

python

python-3.x