rails : 在 Mac OSX Yosemite 上安装 nokogiri 失败
rails : install nokogiri fails on Mac OSX Yosemite
我在 Mac OS X Yosemite 上安装了 Rails 4.2.3，但是当我尝试启动服务器时，我收到此错误消息
Companys-MacBook-Pro:App MyUser$ rails server
Could not find nokogiri-1.6.1 in any of the sources
Run `bundle install` to install missing gems.
Companys-MacBook-Pro:App MyUser$
所以我尝试了这个
sudo gem install nokogiri -v=1.6.1
然后我得到了这些错误
Companys-MacBook-Pro:~ MyUser$ sudo gem install nokogiri -v=1.6.1
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing nokogiri:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/bin/ruby extconf.rb
Extracting libxml2-2.8.0.tar.gz into tmp/x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0/ports/libxml2/2.8.0... OK
Running 'configure' for libxml2 2.8.0... OK
Running 'compile' for libxml2 2.8.0... OK
Running 'install' for libxml2 2.8.0... OK
Activating libxml2 2.8.0 (from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.1/ports/x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0/libxml2/2.8.0)...
Extracting libxslt-1.1.26.tar.gz into tmp/x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0/ports/libxslt/1.1.26... OK
Running 'configure' for libxslt 1.1.26... OK
Running 'compile' for libxslt 1.1.26... OK
Running 'install' for libxslt 1.1.26... OK
Activating libxslt 1.1.26 (from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.1/ports/x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0/libxslt/1.1.26)...
checking for libxml/parser.h... yes
checking for libxslt/xslt.h... yes
checking for libexslt/exslt.h... yes
checking for iconv_open() in iconv.h... no
checking for iconv_open() in -liconv... yes
checking for xmlParseDoc() in -lxml2... no
-----
libxml2 is missing. please visit http://nokogiri.org/tutorials/installing_nokogiri.html for help with installing dependencies.
-----
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may
need configuration options.
Provided configuration options:
--with-opt-dir
--without-opt-dir
--with-opt-include
--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
--with-opt-lib
--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
--with-make-prog
--without-make-prog
--srcdir=.
--curdir
--ruby=/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/bin/ruby
--with-zlib-dir
--without-zlib-dir
--with-zlib-include
--without-zlib-include=${zlib-dir}/include
--with-zlib-lib
--without-zlib-lib=${zlib-dir}/lib
--with-iconv-dir
--without-iconv-dir
--with-iconv-include
--without-iconv-include=${iconv-dir}/include
--with-iconv-lib
--without-iconv-lib=${iconv-dir}/lib
--with-xml2-dir
--without-xml2-dir
--with-xml2-include
--without-xml2-include=${xml2-dir}/include
--with-xml2-lib
--without-xml2-lib=${xml2-dir}/lib
--with-xslt-dir
--without-xslt-dir
--with-xslt-include
--without-xslt-include=${xslt-dir}/include
--with-xslt-lib
--without-xslt-lib=${xslt-dir}/lib
--with-libxslt-config
--without-libxslt-config
--with-pkg-config
--without-pkg-config
--with-libxml-2.0-config
--without-libxml-2.0-config
--with-pkg-config
--without-pkg-config
--with-libiconv-config
--without-libiconv-config
--with-pkg-config
--without-pkg-config
--with-iconvlib
--without-iconvlib
--with-xml2lib
--without-xml2lib
Gem files will remain installed in /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.1/ext/nokogiri/gem_make.out
Companys-MacBook-Pro:~ MyUser$
然后我按照 nokogiri 网站上的说明安装了 libxslt、libxml2 和 libiconv
Companys-MacBook-Pro:~ MyUser$ brew install libxml2
Warning: libxml2-2.9.2 already installed
Companys-MacBook-Pro:~ MyUser$ brew install libxslt
Warning: libxslt-1.1.28_1 already installed
Companys-MacBook-Pro:~ MyUser$ brew install libiconv
Error: No available formula for libiconv
==> Searching formulae...
==> Searching taps...
Companys-MacBook-Pro:~ MyUser$
仍然没有运气。我也试过
Companys-MacBook-Pro:~ MyUser$ sudo gem install nokogiri
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
Successfully installed nokogiri-1.6.6.2
Parsing documentation for nokogiri-1.6.6.2
unable to convert "\xCA" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for lib/nokogiri/nokogiri.bundle, skipping
1 gem installed
Companys-MacBook-Pro:~ MyUser$
但是rails服务器仍然没有启动，因为它需要nokogiri 1.6.1
Companys-MacBook-Pro:App MyUser$ rails server
Could not find nokogiri-1.6.1 in any of the sources
Run `bundle install` to install missing gems.
Companys-MacBook-Pro:App MyUser$
有人知道这是怎么回事吗？
编辑 1
我做了 运行 捆绑安装，但仍然是同样的问题；这是输出
Companys-MacBook-Pro:App MyUser$ bundle install
Fetching gem metadata from http://rubygems.org/............
Fetching version metadata from http://rubygems.org/...
Fetching dependency metadata from http://rubygems.org/..
Resolving dependencies...
Using rake 0.9.2.2
Using multi_json 1.0.3
Using activesupport 3.1.0
Using bcrypt-ruby 3.0.0
Using builder 3.0.0
Using i18n 0.6.0
Using activemodel 3.1.0
Using erubis 2.7.0
Using rack 1.3.2
Using rack-cache 1.0.3
Using rack-mount 0.8.3
Using rack-test 0.6.1
Using hike 1.2.1
Using tilt 1.3.3
Using sprockets 2.0.0
Using actionpack 3.1.0
Using mime-types 1.16
Using polyglot 0.3.2
Using treetop 1.4.10
Using mail 2.3.0
Using actionmailer 3.1.0
Using arel 2.2.1
Using tzinfo 0.3.29
Using activerecord 3.1.0
Using activeresource 3.1.0
Using addressable 2.3.6
Using bundler 1.10.6
Using coderay 1.0.8
Using coffee-script-source 1.1.2
Using execjs 1.2.4
Using coffee-script 2.2.0
Using rack-ssl 1.3.2
Using rdoc 3.9.4
Using thor 0.14.6
Using railties 3.1.0
Using coffee-rails 3.1.0
Using crack 0.3.1
Using diff-lcs 1.1.3
Using multipart-post 1.2.0
Using faraday 0.7.6
Using git 1.2.6
Using hashie 1.2.0
Using oauth2 0.5.2
Using github_api 0.4.10
Using highline 1.6.21
Using mini_portile 0.5.3
Installing nokogiri 1.6.1 with native extensions
Gem::Installer::ExtensionBuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/bin/ruby extconf.rb --with-xml2-dir=/usr --with-xslt-dir=/opt/local --with-iconv-dir=/opt/local
Extracting libxml2-2.8.0.tar.gz into tmp/x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0/ports/libxml2/2.8.0... OK
Running 'configure' for libxml2 2.8.0... OK
Running 'compile' for libxml2 2.8.0... OK
Running 'install' for libxml2 2.8.0... OK
Activating libxml2 2.8.0 (from /private/var/folders/x4/01wntm8j66lf6mwbtmg8t3lm0000gn/T/bundler20150801-30338-1m943xrnokogiri-1.6.1/gems/nokogiri-1.6.1/ports/x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0/libxml2/2.8.0)...
Extracting libxslt-1.1.26.tar.gz into tmp/x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0/ports/libxslt/1.1.26... OK
Running 'configure' for libxslt 1.1.26... OK
Running 'compile' for libxslt 1.1.26... OK
Running 'install' for libxslt 1.1.26... OK
Activating libxslt 1.1.26 (from /private/var/folders/x4/01wntm8j66lf6mwbtmg8t3lm0000gn/T/bundler20150801-30338-1m943xrnokogiri-1.6.1/gems/nokogiri-1.6.1/ports/x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0/libxslt/1.1.26)...
checking for libxml/parser.h... no
-----
libxml2 is missing. please visit http://nokogiri.org/tutorials/installing_nokogiri.html for help with installing dependencies.
-----
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may
need configuration options.
Provided configuration options:
--with-opt-dir
--without-opt-dir
--with-opt-include
--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
--with-opt-lib
--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
--with-make-prog
--without-make-prog
--srcdir=.
--curdir
--ruby=/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/bin/ruby
--with-zlib-dir
--without-zlib-dir
--with-zlib-include
--without-zlib-include=${zlib-dir}/include
--with-zlib-lib
--without-zlib-lib=${zlib-dir}/lib
--with-iconv-dir
--with-iconv-include
--without-iconv-include=${iconv-dir}/include
--with-iconv-lib
--without-iconv-lib=${iconv-dir}/lib
--with-xml2-dir
--with-xml2-include
--without-xml2-include=${xml2-dir}/include
--with-xml2-lib
--without-xml2-lib=${xml2-dir}/lib
--with-xslt-dir
--with-xslt-include
--without-xslt-include=${xslt-dir}/include
--with-xslt-lib
--without-xslt-lib=${xslt-dir}/lib
--with-libxslt-config
--without-libxslt-config
--with-pkg-config
--without-pkg-config
--with-libxml-2.0-config
--without-libxml-2.0-config
--with-pkg-config
--without-pkg-config
--with-libiconv-config
--without-libiconv-config
--with-pkg-config
--without-pkg-config
Gem files will remain installed in /var/folders/x4/01wntm8j66lf6mwbtmg8t3lm0000gn/T/bundler20150801-30338-1m943xrnokogiri-1.6.1/gems/nokogiri-1.6.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /var/folders/x4/01wntm8j66lf6mwbtmg8t3lm0000gn/T/bundler20150801-30338-1m943xrnokogiri-1.6.1/gems/nokogiri-1.6.1/ext/nokogiri/gem_make.out
An error occurred while installing nokogiri (1.6.1), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install nokogiri -v '1.6.1'` succeeds before bundling.
Companys-MacBook-Pro:App MyUser$
其中一个问题是您手动安装了 Nokogiri 1.6.6.2，但未在 Gemfile 中包含 nokogiri gem 条目。 Bundler 将专门只向您的应用显示文件中列出的 gem。
我不清楚你是否与 nokogiri 1.6.1 绑定，因为它是另一个 gem 的依赖项。如果有另一个 gem 要求 1.6.1，那么您将调查那个 gem 的更新版本，希望它依赖于更新的 Nokogiri。 bundle update <othergem> 会尝试这样做。
只是想澄清一下，我并不是在建议修改您的锁定文件中另一个 gem 的依赖项，因为它们是由那个 gem 的作者出于某种原因设置的。
由于您最初在 Gemfile 中指定了 gem 'nokogiri', '~> 1.6.1'，因此在第一次捆绑包安装后就被锁定了。 bundle update nokogiri 会尝试为您更新到最新的。或者手动将 Gemfile 更改为 1.6.6.2 或更松散 ~> 1.6 或 1.6.6.
此外，正如@the Tin Man 提到的，使用 sudo install 将 gems 放入 Apple 系统 ruby 并不是最好的方法。我绝对建议使用 Ruby 版本管理器之一，如他在评论中链接的 RVM 或 rbenv。
我在 Mac OS X Yosemite 上安装了 Rails 4.2.3，但是当我尝试启动服务器时，我收到此错误消息
Companys-MacBook-Pro:App MyUser$ rails server
Could not find nokogiri-1.6.1 in any of the sources
Run `bundle install` to install missing gems.
Companys-MacBook-Pro:App MyUser$
所以我尝试了这个
sudo gem install nokogiri -v=1.6.1
然后我得到了这些错误
Companys-MacBook-Pro:~ MyUser$ sudo gem install nokogiri -v=1.6.1
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing nokogiri:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/bin/ruby extconf.rb
Extracting libxml2-2.8.0.tar.gz into tmp/x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0/ports/libxml2/2.8.0... OK
Running 'configure' for libxml2 2.8.0... OK
Running 'compile' for libxml2 2.8.0... OK
Running 'install' for libxml2 2.8.0... OK
Activating libxml2 2.8.0 (from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.1/ports/x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0/libxml2/2.8.0)...
Extracting libxslt-1.1.26.tar.gz into tmp/x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0/ports/libxslt/1.1.26... OK
Running 'configure' for libxslt 1.1.26... OK
Running 'compile' for libxslt 1.1.26... OK
Running 'install' for libxslt 1.1.26... OK
Activating libxslt 1.1.26 (from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.1/ports/x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0/libxslt/1.1.26)...
checking for libxml/parser.h... yes
checking for libxslt/xslt.h... yes
checking for libexslt/exslt.h... yes
checking for iconv_open() in iconv.h... no
checking for iconv_open() in -liconv... yes
checking for xmlParseDoc() in -lxml2... no
-----
libxml2 is missing. please visit http://nokogiri.org/tutorials/installing_nokogiri.html for help with installing dependencies.
-----
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may
need configuration options.
Provided configuration options:
--with-opt-dir
--without-opt-dir
--with-opt-include
--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
--with-opt-lib
--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
--with-make-prog
--without-make-prog
--srcdir=.
--curdir
--ruby=/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/bin/ruby
--with-zlib-dir
--without-zlib-dir
--with-zlib-include
--without-zlib-include=${zlib-dir}/include
--with-zlib-lib
--without-zlib-lib=${zlib-dir}/lib
--with-iconv-dir
--without-iconv-dir
--with-iconv-include
--without-iconv-include=${iconv-dir}/include
--with-iconv-lib
--without-iconv-lib=${iconv-dir}/lib
--with-xml2-dir
--without-xml2-dir
--with-xml2-include
--without-xml2-include=${xml2-dir}/include
--with-xml2-lib
--without-xml2-lib=${xml2-dir}/lib
--with-xslt-dir
--without-xslt-dir
--with-xslt-include
--without-xslt-include=${xslt-dir}/include
--with-xslt-lib
--without-xslt-lib=${xslt-dir}/lib
--with-libxslt-config
--without-libxslt-config
--with-pkg-config
--without-pkg-config
--with-libxml-2.0-config
--without-libxml-2.0-config
--with-pkg-config
--without-pkg-config
--with-libiconv-config
--without-libiconv-config
--with-pkg-config
--without-pkg-config
--with-iconvlib
--without-iconvlib
--with-xml2lib
--without-xml2lib
Gem files will remain installed in /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.1/ext/nokogiri/gem_make.out
Companys-MacBook-Pro:~ MyUser$
然后我按照 nokogiri 网站上的说明安装了 libxslt、libxml2 和 libiconv
Companys-MacBook-Pro:~ MyUser$ brew install libxml2
Warning: libxml2-2.9.2 already installed
Companys-MacBook-Pro:~ MyUser$ brew install libxslt
Warning: libxslt-1.1.28_1 already installed
Companys-MacBook-Pro:~ MyUser$ brew install libiconv
Error: No available formula for libiconv
==> Searching formulae...
==> Searching taps...
Companys-MacBook-Pro:~ MyUser$
仍然没有运气。我也试过
Companys-MacBook-Pro:~ MyUser$ sudo gem install nokogiri
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
Successfully installed nokogiri-1.6.6.2
Parsing documentation for nokogiri-1.6.6.2
unable to convert "\xCA" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for lib/nokogiri/nokogiri.bundle, skipping
1 gem installed
Companys-MacBook-Pro:~ MyUser$
但是rails服务器仍然没有启动，因为它需要nokogiri 1.6.1
Companys-MacBook-Pro:App MyUser$ rails server
Could not find nokogiri-1.6.1 in any of the sources
Run `bundle install` to install missing gems.
Companys-MacBook-Pro:App MyUser$
有人知道这是怎么回事吗？
编辑 1 我做了 运行 捆绑安装，但仍然是同样的问题；这是输出
Companys-MacBook-Pro:App MyUser$ bundle install
Fetching gem metadata from http://rubygems.org/............
Fetching version metadata from http://rubygems.org/...
Fetching dependency metadata from http://rubygems.org/..
Resolving dependencies...
Using rake 0.9.2.2
Using multi_json 1.0.3
Using activesupport 3.1.0
Using bcrypt-ruby 3.0.0
Using builder 3.0.0
Using i18n 0.6.0
Using activemodel 3.1.0
Using erubis 2.7.0
Using rack 1.3.2
Using rack-cache 1.0.3
Using rack-mount 0.8.3
Using rack-test 0.6.1
Using hike 1.2.1
Using tilt 1.3.3
Using sprockets 2.0.0
Using actionpack 3.1.0
Using mime-types 1.16
Using polyglot 0.3.2
Using treetop 1.4.10
Using mail 2.3.0
Using actionmailer 3.1.0
Using arel 2.2.1
Using tzinfo 0.3.29
Using activerecord 3.1.0
Using activeresource 3.1.0
Using addressable 2.3.6
Using bundler 1.10.6
Using coderay 1.0.8
Using coffee-script-source 1.1.2
Using execjs 1.2.4
Using coffee-script 2.2.0
Using rack-ssl 1.3.2
Using rdoc 3.9.4
Using thor 0.14.6
Using railties 3.1.0
Using coffee-rails 3.1.0
Using crack 0.3.1
Using diff-lcs 1.1.3
Using multipart-post 1.2.0
Using faraday 0.7.6
Using git 1.2.6
Using hashie 1.2.0
Using oauth2 0.5.2
Using github_api 0.4.10
Using highline 1.6.21
Using mini_portile 0.5.3
Installing nokogiri 1.6.1 with native extensions
Gem::Installer::ExtensionBuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/bin/ruby extconf.rb --with-xml2-dir=/usr --with-xslt-dir=/opt/local --with-iconv-dir=/opt/local
Extracting libxml2-2.8.0.tar.gz into tmp/x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0/ports/libxml2/2.8.0... OK
Running 'configure' for libxml2 2.8.0... OK
Running 'compile' for libxml2 2.8.0... OK
Running 'install' for libxml2 2.8.0... OK
Activating libxml2 2.8.0 (from /private/var/folders/x4/01wntm8j66lf6mwbtmg8t3lm0000gn/T/bundler20150801-30338-1m943xrnokogiri-1.6.1/gems/nokogiri-1.6.1/ports/x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0/libxml2/2.8.0)...
Extracting libxslt-1.1.26.tar.gz into tmp/x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0/ports/libxslt/1.1.26... OK
Running 'configure' for libxslt 1.1.26... OK
Running 'compile' for libxslt 1.1.26... OK
Running 'install' for libxslt 1.1.26... OK
Activating libxslt 1.1.26 (from /private/var/folders/x4/01wntm8j66lf6mwbtmg8t3lm0000gn/T/bundler20150801-30338-1m943xrnokogiri-1.6.1/gems/nokogiri-1.6.1/ports/x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0/libxslt/1.1.26)...
checking for libxml/parser.h... no
-----
libxml2 is missing. please visit http://nokogiri.org/tutorials/installing_nokogiri.html for help with installing dependencies.
-----
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may
need configuration options.
Provided configuration options:
--with-opt-dir
--without-opt-dir
--with-opt-include
--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
--with-opt-lib
--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
--with-make-prog
--without-make-prog
--srcdir=.
--curdir
--ruby=/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/bin/ruby
--with-zlib-dir
--without-zlib-dir
--with-zlib-include
--without-zlib-include=${zlib-dir}/include
--with-zlib-lib
--without-zlib-lib=${zlib-dir}/lib
--with-iconv-dir
--with-iconv-include
--without-iconv-include=${iconv-dir}/include
--with-iconv-lib
--without-iconv-lib=${iconv-dir}/lib
--with-xml2-dir
--with-xml2-include
--without-xml2-include=${xml2-dir}/include
--with-xml2-lib
--without-xml2-lib=${xml2-dir}/lib
--with-xslt-dir
--with-xslt-include
--without-xslt-include=${xslt-dir}/include
--with-xslt-lib
--without-xslt-lib=${xslt-dir}/lib
--with-libxslt-config
--without-libxslt-config
--with-pkg-config
--without-pkg-config
--with-libxml-2.0-config
--without-libxml-2.0-config
--with-pkg-config
--without-pkg-config
--with-libiconv-config
--without-libiconv-config
--with-pkg-config
--without-pkg-config
Gem files will remain installed in /var/folders/x4/01wntm8j66lf6mwbtmg8t3lm0000gn/T/bundler20150801-30338-1m943xrnokogiri-1.6.1/gems/nokogiri-1.6.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /var/folders/x4/01wntm8j66lf6mwbtmg8t3lm0000gn/T/bundler20150801-30338-1m943xrnokogiri-1.6.1/gems/nokogiri-1.6.1/ext/nokogiri/gem_make.out
An error occurred while installing nokogiri (1.6.1), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install nokogiri -v '1.6.1'` succeeds before bundling.
Companys-MacBook-Pro:App MyUser$
其中一个问题是您手动安装了 Nokogiri 1.6.6.2，但未在 Gemfile 中包含 nokogiri gem 条目。 Bundler 将专门只向您的应用显示文件中列出的 gem。
我不清楚你是否与 nokogiri 1.6.1 绑定，因为它是另一个 gem 的依赖项。如果有另一个 gem 要求 1.6.1，那么您将调查那个 gem 的更新版本，希望它依赖于更新的 Nokogiri。 bundle update <othergem> 会尝试这样做。
只是想澄清一下，我并不是在建议修改您的锁定文件中另一个 gem 的依赖项，因为它们是由那个 gem 的作者出于某种原因设置的。
由于您最初在 Gemfile 中指定了 gem 'nokogiri', '~> 1.6.1'，因此在第一次捆绑包安装后就被锁定了。 bundle update nokogiri 会尝试为您更新到最新的。或者手动将 Gemfile 更改为 1.6.6.2 或更松散 ~> 1.6 或 1.6.6.
此外，正如@the Tin Man 提到的，使用 sudo install 将 gems 放入 Apple 系统 ruby 并不是最好的方法。我绝对建议使用 Ruby 版本管理器之一，如他在评论中链接的 RVM 或 rbenv。