导入错误没有名为 zlib 的模块（已安装 brew python）

Question

当我在 python 2.7 的 brew 安装版本上使用 pip freeze 时，出现导入错误，没有名为 zlib 的模块。

➜  ~  pip freeze
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/pip", line 9, in <module>
    load_entry_point('pip==7.1.2', 'console_scripts', 'pip')()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 558, in load_entry_point
    return get_distribution(dist).load_entry_point(group, name)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2682, in load_entry_point
    return ep.load()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2355, in load
    return self.resolve()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2361, in resolve
    module = __import__(self.module_name, fromlist=['__name__'], level=0)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 15, in <module>
    from pip.vcs import git, mercurial, subversion, bazaar  # noqa
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/vcs/mercurial.py", line 10, in <module>
    from pip.download import path_to_url
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/download.py", line 38, in <module>
    from pip._vendor import requests, six
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/__init__.py", line 58, in <module>
    from . import utils
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/utils.py", line 26, in <module>
    from .compat import parse_http_list as _parse_list_header
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/compat.py", line 7, in <module>
    from .packages import chardet
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    from . import urllib3
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/__init__.py", line 10, in <module>
    from .connectionpool import (
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 38, in <module>
    from .response import HTTPResponse
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/response.py", line 5, in <module>
    import zlib
ImportError: No module named lib

我认为这通常是用 python 安装的，但我已经用 brew 安装了 python (2.7)，用 brew 卸载并重新安装不能解决问题吗？

➜  ~  which pip
/usr/local/bin/pip
➜  ~  which python
/usr/local/bin/python

Answer 1

这是 xcode 没有正确安装 zlib 的问题。

安装 xcode CLI 使用：

xcode-select --install

然后在使用 brew 重新安装 Python 之前，我检查 zlib header 是否是 brew 通过终端寻找它的地方：

ls /usr/include/zlib.h

然后通过 brew 重新安装 python：

brew reinstall python

Answer 2

对于安装了 Xcode-beta 的 macOs 10.14 mojave 用户，以下应该可以工作，因为 xcode-select --install 似乎没有提供缺少的头文件，至少不在适合安装的位置python 通过 brew...

对我有用的如下：

brew install zlib
brew link zlib --force

#python 3
brew (re)install python3
brew postinstall python3
brew link python3 #just in case...

#python 2
brew (re)install python2
brew link python2 #just in case...

在我的例子中，我还必须重新安装之前通过 pip 安装的一些 python 模块。

Answer 3

对于无法使用上述解决方案的人，请使用自制软件的建议。

export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/zlib/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/zlib/include"

以下内容对我没有任何作用：

xcode-select --install

或

brew link zlib --force

相反，它给了我一条错误消息：

Warning: Refusing to link macOS-provided software: zlib
For compilers to find zlib you may need to set:
  export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/zlib/lib"
  export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/zlib/include"

For pkg-config to find zlib you may need to set:
  export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/zlib/lib/pkgconfig"

Answer 4

对我来说，上面的 none 有效，我最终不得不 link zlib.h header 直接进入 /usr/

brew install zlib
ln -s /usr/local/Cellar/zlib/1.2.11/include/zlib.h  /usr/local/include/zlib.h

在那之后，当我尝试 pip install Pillow==2.2.2（我正在处理一个旧项目）...我终于得到了想要的 "ZLIB (PNG/ZIP) support available" 输出

  PIL SETUP SUMMARY                                                                                                                                                                                 
  --------------------------------------------------------------------                                                                                                                              
  version      Pillow 2.2.2                                                                                                                                                                         
  platform     darwin 3.5.8 (default, Dec  4 2019, 15:51:38)                                                                                                                                        
               [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 11.0.0 (clang-1100.0.33.12)]                                                                                                                        
  --------------------------------------------------------------------                                                                                                                              
  ...
   --- ZLIB (PNG/ZIP) support available

（此处为 macOS Catalina 10.5.3）

导入错误没有名为 zlib 的模块（已安装 brew python）

Import error no module named zlib (brew installed python)

python

linux

homebrew

pip