为什么这个函数需要一个 [[a]]?

Why does this function take an [[a]]?

我正在编写 Haskell 代码练习尾递归来反转列表并提出了这个解决方案:

reverseh' [] list = list
reverseh' (x:xs) list = reverseh' (xs) (x ++ list)
reverse' x = reverseh' x []

它只适用于列表的列表,但我希望它具有类型签名 [a] -> [a]

你能解释一下我做错了什么吗?

因为第二行的(x ++ list)表达式,typechecker认为x :: [a]。我想你想写 (x : list)

如果你没有得到预期的类型,最好添加一个显式类型签名来告诉编译器你想要的类型是什么,这里:

reverseh' :: [a] -> [a] -> [a]

然后你得到一个编译错误:

Couldn't match expected type `[a]' with actual type `a'     
  `a' is a rigid type variable bound by                     
      the type signature for reverseh' :: [a] -> [a] -> [a] 
      at reverseh.hs:1:14                                   
Relevant bindings include                                   
  list :: [a] (bound at reverseh.hs:3:18)                   
  xs :: [a] (bound at reverseh.hs:3:14)                     
  x :: a (bound at reverseh.hs:3:12)                        
  reverseh' :: [a] -> [a] -> [a] (bound at reverseh.hs:2:1) 
In the first argument of `(++)', namely `x'                 
In the second argument of reverseh', namely `(x ++ list)'   

这告诉你,在 (x ++ list) 中,x 需要是 [a] 类型才能进行类型检查,但是根据你所想的类型签名,x 确实是 a 类型。所以你想用 a -> [a] -> [a] 类型的函数替换 ++,所以你选择 (x : list).