为什么在使用非文字模式时无法访问此匹配模式?

Why is this match pattern unreachable when using non-literal patterns?

以下代码(playground)

let max_column = 7;
edge = match current_column {
    0 => Edge::Left,
    max_column => Edge::Right,
    _ => Edge::NotAnEdge
};

导致以下警告:

warning: unreachable pattern
  --> src/main.rs:10:9
   |
9  |         max_column => Edge::Right,
   |         ---------- matches any value
10 |         _ => Edge::NotAnEdge
   |         ^ unreachable pattern
   |
   = note: #[warn(unreachable_patterns)] on by default

用文字替换变量 max_column 效果很好:

let max_column = 7;
edge = match current_column {
    0 => Edge::Left,
    7 => Edge::Right,
    _ => Edge::NotAnEdge
};

为什么 _ 在第一个示例中无法访问,而对于 current_column != max_column 中的任何值都可以达到?

The Rust Programming Language 解释了如何处理 match 表达式,强调我的:

When the match expression executes, it compares the resulting value against the pattern of each arm, in order.

在您的示例中,max_column 是要绑定的变量的名称,不是 常量或外部变量。当编译器达到 max_column 时,任何剩余的值都将分配给该匹配臂,从而使后续臂无法到达。

在你的例子中,你想让 max_column 成为一个实常数:

let current_column = 1;
const MAX_COLUMN: i32 = 7;
edge = match current_column {
    0          => Edge::Left,
    MAX_COLUMN => Edge::Right,
    _          => Edge::NotAnEdge
};

或者,如果这不可能,您需要一个 比赛后卫:

let current_column = 1;
let max_column = 7;
edge = match current_column {
    0                    => Edge::Left,
    a if a == max_column => Edge::Right,
    _                    => Edge::NotAnEdge
};

请注意,作为第一个近似值,a_ 在这种情况下是相同的!在这两种情况下,匹配的变量都将绑定到一个名称(分别为 a_),但任何以 _ 为前缀的标识符都是特殊情况,可用作未使用的变量占位符.

:

_ is a separate special case, it's not a variable binding at all, but it is the absence of one! Matching against _x moves the value into _x, _ does no such thing. (The difference is observable.)