android : 相机在 marshmallow 中无法打开

Question

所以，我有以下代码可以打开相机，捕捉图像并将其保存在 SDCard 上。

public void getPhotoFromCamera() {
    Intent takePictureIntent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
    File mediaStorageDir = new File(
            Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
                    + File.separator
                    + getString(R.string.directory_name_corp_chat)
                    + File.separator
                    + getString(R.string.directory_name_temp)
    );

    if (!mediaStorageDir.exists()) {
        mediaStorageDir.mkdirs();
    }

    String timeStamp = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss",
            Locale.getDefault()).format(new Date());
    try {
        mediaFile = File.createTempFile(
                "TEMP_FULL_IMG_" + timeStamp,
                ".jpg",
                mediaStorageDir
        );
        takePictureIntent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.fromFile(mediaFile));
        startActivityForResult(takePictureIntent, PICK_FROM_CAMERA);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

private void performCrop(Uri picUri) {
    try {
        Intent cropIntent = new Intent("com.android.camera.action.CROP");
        cropIntent.setDataAndType(picUri, "image/*");
        cropIntent.putExtra("crop", "true");
        cropIntent.putExtra("aspectX", 1);
        cropIntent.putExtra("aspectY", 1);
        cropIntent.putExtra("outputX", 128);
        cropIntent.putExtra("outputY", 128);
        // retrieve data on return
        cropIntent.putExtra("return-data", true);

        File mediaStorageDir = new File(
                Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
                        + File.separator
                        + getString(R.string.directory_name_corp_chat)
                        + File.separator
                        + getString(R.string.directory_name_temp)
        );

        if (!mediaStorageDir.exists()) {
            mediaStorageDir.mkdirs();
        }

        String timeStamp = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss",
                Locale.getDefault()).format(new Date());
        try {
            croppedFile = File.createTempFile(
                    "TEMP_CROPPED_IMG_" + timeStamp,
                    ".jpg",
                    mediaStorageDir
            );
            cropIntent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.fromFile(croppedFile));
            startActivityForResult(cropIntent, PIC_CROP);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    // respond to users whose devices do not support the crop action
    catch (ActivityNotFoundException anfe) {
        // display an error message
        String errorMessage = "Whoops - your device doesn't support the crop action!";
        Toast toast = Toast.makeText(this, errorMessage, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
        toast.show();
    }
}

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);

    if (requestCode == PICK_FROM_CAMERA) {
        if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
            performCrop(Uri.fromFile(mediaFile));
        } else {
            Log.i("Camera", "result cancel. Hence, deleting file: " + mediaFile.getPath());
            Log.i("File deleted ", mediaFile.delete() + "");
        }
    }

    if (requestCode == PICK_FROM_GALLERY) {
        if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
            performCrop(data.getData());
        } else {
            Log.i("Gallery", "result cancel");
        }
    }

    if (requestCode == PIC_CROP) {
        if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
            imageView.setImageBitmap(BitmapFactory.decodeFile(croppedFile.getAbsolutePath()));
            if (mediaFile != null) {
                Log.i("Camera", "result cancel. Hence, deleting file: " + mediaFile.getPath());
                Log.i("File deleted ", mediaFile.delete() + "");
            }
        } else {
            if (croppedFile != null) {
                Log.i("Camera", "result cancel. Hence, deleting file: " + croppedFile.getPath());
                Log.i("File deleted ", croppedFile.delete() + "");
            }
            if (mediaFile != null) {
                Log.i("Camera", "result cancel. Hence, deleting file: " + mediaFile.getPath());
                Log.i("File deleted ", mediaFile.delete() + "");
            }
        }
    }
}

在 Android 6.0 以下，一切都如预期的那样完美。但它不适用于 Android 6.0 Marshmallow。事实上它甚至没有打开相机:(

我不知道我是否必须为棉花糖做一些特别的事情。我也没有收到任何类型的错误，我可以在这里 post 它。请帮帮我。

谢谢。

Answer 1

引用 developers.android.com:

Beginning in Android 6.0 (API level 23), users grant permissions to apps while the app is running, not when they install the app. This approach streamlines the app install process, since the user does not need to grant permissions when they install or update the app. It also gives the user more control over the app's functionality; for example, a user could choose to give a camera app access to the camera but not to the device location. The user can revoke the permissions at any time, by going to the app's Settings screen.

System permissions are divided into two categories, normal and dangerous:

Normal permissions do not directly risk the user's privacy. If your app lists a normal permission in its manifest, the system grants the permission automatically.

Dangerous permissions can give the app access to the user's confidential data. If your app lists a normal permission in its manifest, the system grants the permission automatically. If you list a dangerous permission, the user has to explicitly give approval to your app.

WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE 属于危险类别，因此您需要在调用 mediaStorageDir.mkdirs() 或 File.createTempFile 之前向用户请求许可，否则您的程序会因以下异常而崩溃：

W/System.err: java.io.IOException: open failed: EACCES (Permission denied)
W/System.err:     at java.io.File.createNewFile(File.java:939)
W/System.err:     at java.io.File.createTempFile(File.java:1004)
W/System.err:     at com.example.MainActivity.getPhotoFromCamera(MainActivity.java:98)
W/System.err:     at com.example.MainActivity.onCreate(MainActivity.java:48)
W/System.err:     at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:6237)
W/System.err:     at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.
W/System.err:     at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.
W/System.err:     at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2476
W/System.err:     at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap11(ActivityThread.java)
W/System.err:     at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1344)
W/System.err:     at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
W/System.err:     at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:148)
W/System.err:     at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5417)
W/System.err:     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
W/System.err:     at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.
W/System.err:     at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:616)
W/System.err: Caused by: android.system.ErrnoException: open failed: EACCES (Permission 
W/System.err:     at libcore.io.Posix.open(Native Method)
W/System.err:     at libcore.io.BlockGuardOs.open(BlockGuardOs.java:186)
W/System.err:     at java.io.File.createNewFile(File.java:932)
W/System.err:   ... 15 more

Answer 2

所以，我完成了如下任务：

为了检查权限，我创建了一个单独的 class，如下所示：

public class MarshMallowPermission {

    public static final int RECORD_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE = 1;
    public static final int EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE = 2;
    public static final int CAMERA_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE = 3;
    Activity activity;

    public MarshMallowPermission(Activity activity) {
        this.activity = activity;
    }

    public boolean checkPermissionForRecord(){
        int result = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO);
        if (result == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    public boolean checkPermissionForExternalStorage(){
        int result = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        if (result == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    public boolean checkPermissionForCamera(){
        int result = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, Manifest.permission.CAMERA);
        if (result == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    public void requestPermissionForRecord(){
        if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO)){
           Toast.makeText(activity, "Microphone permission needed for recording. Please allow in App Settings for additional functionality.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        } else {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,new String[]{Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO},RECORD_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
        }
    }

    public void requestPermissionForExternalStorage(){
        if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)){
            Toast.makeText(activity, "External Storage permission needed. Please allow in App Settings for additional functionality.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        } else {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
        }
    }

    public void requestPermissionForCamera(){
        if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, Manifest.permission.CAMERA)){
            Toast.makeText(activity, "Camera permission needed. Please allow in App Settings for additional functionality.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        } else {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA},CAMERA_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
        }
    }
}

然后，为了获得

...
MarshMallowPermission marshMallowPermission = new MarshMallowPermission(this);
...

public void getPhotoFromCamera() {

    if (!marshMallowPermission.checkPermissionForCamera()) {
        marshMallowPermission.requestPermissionForCamera();
    } else {
        if (!marshMallowPermission.checkPermissionForExternalStorage()) {
            marshMallowPermission.requestPermissionForExternalStorage();
        } else {
            Intent takePictureIntent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
            File mediaStorageDir = new File(
                    Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
                            + File.separator
                            + getString(R.string.directory_name_corp_chat)
                            + File.separator
                            + getString(R.string.directory_name_images)
            );

            if (!mediaStorageDir.exists()) {
                mediaStorageDir.mkdirs();
            }

            String timeStamp = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss",
                    Locale.getDefault()).format(new Date());
            try {
                mediaFile = File.createTempFile(
                        "IMG_" + timeStamp,  /* prefix */
                        ".jpg",         /* suffix */
                        mediaStorageDir      /* directory */
                );
                takePictureIntent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.fromFile(mediaFile));
                startActivityForResult(takePictureIntent, PICK_FROM_CAMERA);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

android : 相机在 marshmallow 中无法打开

android : camera doesn't open in marshmallow

android

android-camera

android-6.0-marshmallow