Django 1.8.5 和 Celery 的 ImportError

Question

我正在尝试让 Celery 运行 Django，遵循官方文档和位于此处的视频：https://godjango.com/63-deferred-tasks-and-scheduled-jobs-with-celery-31-django-17-and-redis/

我不知道我做错了什么，但这总是会导致 ImportError。

项目名为"clubmgmt"

"clubmgmt/celery.py" 的内容：

from __future__ import absolute_import
import os
import django
from celery import Celery
from django.conf import settings

# set the default Django settings module for the 'celery' program.
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'clubmgmt.settings')
django.setup()

app = Celery('clubmgmt')

# Using a string here means the worker will not have to
# pickle the object when using Windows.
app.config_from_object('django.conf:settings')
app.autodiscover_tasks(lambda: settings.INSTALLED_APPS)

"clubmgmt/__init__.py"

的内容

from __future__ import absolute_import

# This will make sure the app is always imported when
# Django starts so that shared_task will use this app.
from clubmgmt.celery import app as celery_app

任务在名为 "activation"

的应用程序中定义

"activation/tasks.py" 的内容：

from activation.models import Activation
from django.conf import settings
from django.template.loader import render_to_string
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from clubmgmt.celery import app

__author__ = 'jeroenjacobs'

@app.task
def send_activation_mail(activation_pk):
    activation = Activation.objects.get(pk=activation_pk)
    mail = activation.user.email

    msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
    msg['Subject'] = "Please activate your account"
    msg['From'] = settings.SMTP_SENDER_ADDRESS
    msg['To'] = mail
    ...

我总是收到以下错误：

(clubmgmt) > $ python manage.py runserver                                                                                                                      [±master ●●●]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 10, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/Users/jeroenjacobs/.pyenv/versions/clubmgmt/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 351, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/Users/jeroenjacobs/.pyenv/versions/clubmgmt/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 303, in execute
    settings.INSTALLED_APPS
  File "/Users/jeroenjacobs/.pyenv/versions/clubmgmt/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 48, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "/Users/jeroenjacobs/.pyenv/versions/clubmgmt/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 44, in _setup
    self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
  File "/Users/jeroenjacobs/.pyenv/versions/clubmgmt/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 92, in __init__
    mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
  File "/Users/jeroenjacobs/.pyenv/versions/3.4.3/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/importlib/__init__.py", line 109, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2254, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2237, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2212, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 321, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2254, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2237, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2226, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1200, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1129, in _exec
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1471, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 321, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/Users/jeroenjacobs/PycharmProjects/clubmgmt/clubmgmt/__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
    from clubmgmt.celery import app as celery_app
  File "/Users/jeroenjacobs/PycharmProjects/clubmgmt/clubmgmt/celery.py", line 9, in <module>
    django.setup()
  File "/Users/jeroenjacobs/.pyenv/versions/clubmgmt/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 18, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "/Users/jeroenjacobs/.pyenv/versions/clubmgmt/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 115, in populate
    app_config.ready()
  File "/Users/jeroenjacobs/PycharmProjects/clubmgmt/activation/apps.py", line 10, in ready
    import activation.handlers
  File "/Users/jeroenjacobs/PycharmProjects/clubmgmt/activation/handlers.py", line 6, in <module>
    from activation.utils import create_or_update_activation
  File "/Users/jeroenjacobs/PycharmProjects/clubmgmt/activation/utils.py", line 2, in <module>
    from activation.tasks import send_activation_mail
  File "/Users/jeroenjacobs/PycharmProjects/clubmgmt/activation/tasks.py", line 7, in <module>
    from clubmgmt.celery import app
ImportError: cannot import name 'app'

谁能解释一下为什么 "app" 无法导入？

顺便说一句：这是在 python 3.4 下测试的。回到 Python 2 不是一个选项，所以请不要建议将此作为解决方案。如果 Celery 与 Python3 不兼容，还有其他选择吗？

Answer 1

问题是 clubmgmt.celery.app 尝试导入 clubmgm.celery.app 导致循环导入。

如果您查看堆栈跟踪 clubmgmt.__init__ 导入 clubmgmt.celery.app，这反过来使 django 运行成为其设置例程，最终触发 clubmgmt.activation.apps 在某些时候通过 clubmgmt.activation.tasks 再次导入 clubmgmt.celery.app，同时仍在导入，导致 ImportError.

从 __init__.py 中删除该导入肯定会解决问题，但如果您仍然需要它，您可以改用 activation/apps.py 来做一些事情。

到目前为止我了解到的一件事是，90% 的时间 ImportError 是由于循环导入，另外 10% 是由于拼写错误或类似的原因。

Django 1.8.5 和 Celery 的 ImportError

ImportError with Django 1.8.5 and Celery

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python-3.x