无法在 linux 上安装 Java 的新版本
Cannot install a new version of Java on linux
服务器上的java版本是1.6.0_37，我用yum install java-1.7.0-openjdk安装了Java-1.7但是之后当我使用 java -version 时使用此命令 Java 的版本仍然是 1.6.0。如何将其更改为 1.7？
# yum install java-1.7.0-openjdk
java -version
java version "1.6.0_37"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_37-b06)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 20.12-b01, mixed mode)
我也按照以下步骤操作，但 java 版本仍然是 1.6。0_37
Downloading Latest Java Archive
Java latest archive is available on its official site. We recommend to download latest version of Java from Oracle official website.
For 64 Bit:-
# cd /opt/
# wget --no-cookies --no-check-certificate --header "Cookie: gpw_e24=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oracle.com%2F; oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" "http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u75-b13/jdk-7u75-linux-x64.tar.gz"
For 32 Bit:-
# cd /opt/
# wget --no-cookies --no-check-certificate --header "Cookie: gpw_e24=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oracle.com%2F; oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" "http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u75-b13/jdk-7u75-linux-i586.tar.gz"
Note: In any case if above command failed to download and you need to download java through Linux terminal, watch below screen cast ( http://screencast.com/t/wf9bQ0XjDPxT ), You are required a graphical browser.
After completing download, Extract archive using following command. Use archive file as per your system configuration. For this example we are using CentOS 6.6 (64 bit) system.
# tar xzf jdk-7u75-linux-x64.tar.gz
Install Java with Alternatives
After extracting Java archive file, we just need to set up to use newer version of Java using alternatives. Use the following commands to do it.
# cd /opt/jdk1.7.0_75/
# alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /opt/jdk1.7.0_75/bin/java 2
# alternatives --config java
There are 4 programs which provide 'java'.
Selection Command
-----------------------------------------------
* 1 /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.6.0-openjdk/bin/java
+ 2 /opt/jdk1.7.0_60/bin/java
3 /opt/jdk1.7.0_72/bin/java
4 /opt/jdk1.7.0_75/bin/java
Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: 4 [Press Enter]
Now you may also required to set up javac and jar commands path using alternatives command.
# alternatives --install /usr/bin/jar jar /opt/jdk1.7.0_75/bin/jar 2
# alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /opt/jdk1.7.0_75/bin/javac 2
# alternatives --set jar /opt/jdk1.7.0_75/bin/jar
# alternatives --set javac /opt/jdk1.7.0_75/bin/javac
Check Installed Java Version
Use following command to check which version of Java is currently being used by system.
# java -version
java version "1.7.0_75"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_75-b13)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.75-b04, mixed mode)
Configuring Environment Variables
Most of Java based application’s uses environment variables to work. Use following commands to set up these variable properly. It’s also good to add following commands to any start-up script like ~/.bashrc or ~/.bash_profile.
Setup JAVA_HOME Variable
# export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_75
Setup JRE_HOME Variable
# export JRE_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_75/jre
Setup PATH Variable
# export PATH=$PATH:/opt/jdk1.7.0_75/bin:/opt/jdk1.7.0_75/jre/bin
我也用了下面的但是还是显示以前的版本
root@server [/]# yum search java | grep -i --color JDK
ldapjdk-javadoc.x86_64 : Javadoc for ldapjdk
icedtea-web.x86_64 : Additional Java components for OpenJDK - Java browser
java-1.6.0-openjdk.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment
java-1.6.0-openjdk-demo.x86_64 : OpenJDK Demos
java-1.6.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 : OpenJDK Development Environment
java-1.6.0-openjdk-javadoc.x86_64 : OpenJDK API Documentation
java-1.6.0-openjdk-src.x86_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundle
java-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment
java-1.7.0-openjdk-demo.x86_64 : OpenJDK Demos
java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 : OpenJDK Development Environment
java-1.7.0-openjdk-javadoc.noarch : OpenJDK API Documentation
java-1.7.0-openjdk-src.x86_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundle
java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment
java-1.8.0-openjdk-demo.x86_64 : OpenJDK Demos
java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 : OpenJDK Development Environment
java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment
java-1.8.0-openjdk-javadoc.noarch : OpenJDK API Documentation
java-1.8.0-openjdk-src.x86_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundle
ldapjdk.x86_64 : The Mozilla LDAP Java SDK
root@server [/]# yum install java-1.7.0-openjdk java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: centos.hyve.com
* extras: centos.hyve.com
* updates: centos.hyve.com
Package 1:java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.75-2.5.4.0.el6_6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 1:1.7.0.75-2.5.4.0.el6_6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository
Size
================================================================================
Installing:
java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel x86_64 1:1.7.0.75-2.5.4.0.el6_6 updates 9.4 M
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
Total download size: 9.4 M
Installed size: 36 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel-1.7.0.75-2.5.4.0.el6_6.x86_64.r | 9.4 MB 00:03
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : 1:java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel-1.7.0.75-2.5.4.0.el6_6.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : 1:java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel-1.7.0.75-2.5.4.0.el6_6.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 1:1.7.0.75-2.5.4.0.el6_6
Complete!
root@server [/]# ls -l /usr/lib/vim
/bin/ls: cannot access /usr/lib/vim: No such file or directory
root@server [/]# ls -l /usr/lib/jvm/
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Feb 6 00:03 ./
drwxr-xr-x 28 root root 4096 Feb 5 22:47 ../
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 32 Feb 6 00:03 java-1.7.0 -> /etc/alternatives/java_sdk_1.7.0/
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Feb 6 00:03 java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.75.x86_64/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 34 Feb 6 00:03 java-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64 -> java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.75.x86_64/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 34 Feb 6 00:03 java-openjdk -> /etc/alternatives/java_sdk_openjdk/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Feb 5 23:52 jre -> /etc/alternatives/jre/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Feb 5 22:47 jre-1.7.0 -> /etc/alternatives/jre_1.7.0/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 38 Feb 5 22:47 jre-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64 -> java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.75.x86_64/jre/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Feb 5 22:47 jre-openjdk -> /etc/alternatives/jre_openjdk/
root@server [/]# vim .bashrc
root@server [/]# java -version
java version "1.6.0_37"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_37-b06)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 20.12-b01, mixed mode)
root@server [/]# cd $HOME
root@server [~]# vim .bashrc
.bashrc 的内容
# .bashrc
# User specific aliases and functions
alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'
# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
. /etc/bashrc
fi
export JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64"
目前 .bashrc 的输出如下，但仍在使用 Java 的相同版本
# .bashrc
# User specific aliases and functions
alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'
# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
. /etc/bashrc
fi
export JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64"
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME\bin
我通常将 jdk 安装到 Linux 并遇到与您一样的问题。
我通过编辑 ~/.bash_profile 文件来解决：
JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_75
#this should be point to your jdk directory
export JAVA_HOME
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export PATH
注意：注意在重新定义PATH
时把$JAVA_HOME/bin放在$PATH之前
然后，运行 下面的命令重新加载您的 .bash_profile 文件
. ~/.bash_profile
然后您可以重新打开您的终端并检查您的 Java 版本。
我在CentOS 7的/etc/profile中添加了以下内容，实现了同样的效果。另外，我用Oracle官方的JDK-8替换了我的openjdk，但是，这在实际中没有关系感于此。
我建议您按照我在 /etc/profile 文件中所做的那样进行更改。根据安装 java 的系统位置替换实际的 path/location :-
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/default
# point location before Java's bin folder in your system
export JRE_HOME=/usr/java/default/jre
# point location before JRE's bin folder in your system
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin
# append those 2 locations to the PATH environment variable
其中 JAVA_HOME 是安装 Java 的 /bin 目录的路径，您可以从上面的第一个导出命令中注意到， JRE_HOME 是 JRE 的 /bin 目录的路径，您可以从上面的第二个导出命令中注意到。
服务器上的java版本是1.6.0_37，我用yum install java-1.7.0-openjdk安装了Java-1.7但是之后当我使用 java -version 时使用此命令 Java 的版本仍然是 1.6.0。如何将其更改为 1.7？
# yum install java-1.7.0-openjdk
java -version
java version "1.6.0_37"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_37-b06)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 20.12-b01, mixed mode)
我也按照以下步骤操作，但 java 版本仍然是 1.6。0_37
Downloading Latest Java Archive
Java latest archive is available on its official site. We recommend to download latest version of Java from Oracle official website.
For 64 Bit:-
# cd /opt/
# wget --no-cookies --no-check-certificate --header "Cookie: gpw_e24=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oracle.com%2F; oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" "http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u75-b13/jdk-7u75-linux-x64.tar.gz"
For 32 Bit:-
# cd /opt/
# wget --no-cookies --no-check-certificate --header "Cookie: gpw_e24=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oracle.com%2F; oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" "http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u75-b13/jdk-7u75-linux-i586.tar.gz"
Note: In any case if above command failed to download and you need to download java through Linux terminal, watch below screen cast ( http://screencast.com/t/wf9bQ0XjDPxT ), You are required a graphical browser.
After completing download, Extract archive using following command. Use archive file as per your system configuration. For this example we are using CentOS 6.6 (64 bit) system.
# tar xzf jdk-7u75-linux-x64.tar.gz
Install Java with Alternatives
After extracting Java archive file, we just need to set up to use newer version of Java using alternatives. Use the following commands to do it.
# cd /opt/jdk1.7.0_75/
# alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /opt/jdk1.7.0_75/bin/java 2
# alternatives --config java
There are 4 programs which provide 'java'.
Selection Command
-----------------------------------------------
* 1 /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.6.0-openjdk/bin/java
+ 2 /opt/jdk1.7.0_60/bin/java
3 /opt/jdk1.7.0_72/bin/java
4 /opt/jdk1.7.0_75/bin/java
Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: 4 [Press Enter]
Now you may also required to set up javac and jar commands path using alternatives command.
# alternatives --install /usr/bin/jar jar /opt/jdk1.7.0_75/bin/jar 2
# alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /opt/jdk1.7.0_75/bin/javac 2
# alternatives --set jar /opt/jdk1.7.0_75/bin/jar
# alternatives --set javac /opt/jdk1.7.0_75/bin/javac
Check Installed Java Version
Use following command to check which version of Java is currently being used by system.
# java -version
java version "1.7.0_75"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_75-b13)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.75-b04, mixed mode)
Configuring Environment Variables
Most of Java based application’s uses environment variables to work. Use following commands to set up these variable properly. It’s also good to add following commands to any start-up script like ~/.bashrc or ~/.bash_profile.
Setup JAVA_HOME Variable
# export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_75
Setup JRE_HOME Variable
# export JRE_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_75/jre
Setup PATH Variable
# export PATH=$PATH:/opt/jdk1.7.0_75/bin:/opt/jdk1.7.0_75/jre/bin
我也用了下面的但是还是显示以前的版本
root@server [/]# yum search java | grep -i --color JDK
ldapjdk-javadoc.x86_64 : Javadoc for ldapjdk
icedtea-web.x86_64 : Additional Java components for OpenJDK - Java browser
java-1.6.0-openjdk.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment
java-1.6.0-openjdk-demo.x86_64 : OpenJDK Demos
java-1.6.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 : OpenJDK Development Environment
java-1.6.0-openjdk-javadoc.x86_64 : OpenJDK API Documentation
java-1.6.0-openjdk-src.x86_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundle
java-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment
java-1.7.0-openjdk-demo.x86_64 : OpenJDK Demos
java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 : OpenJDK Development Environment
java-1.7.0-openjdk-javadoc.noarch : OpenJDK API Documentation
java-1.7.0-openjdk-src.x86_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundle
java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment
java-1.8.0-openjdk-demo.x86_64 : OpenJDK Demos
java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 : OpenJDK Development Environment
java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment
java-1.8.0-openjdk-javadoc.noarch : OpenJDK API Documentation
java-1.8.0-openjdk-src.x86_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundle
ldapjdk.x86_64 : The Mozilla LDAP Java SDK
root@server [/]# yum install java-1.7.0-openjdk java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: centos.hyve.com
* extras: centos.hyve.com
* updates: centos.hyve.com
Package 1:java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.75-2.5.4.0.el6_6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 1:1.7.0.75-2.5.4.0.el6_6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository
Size
================================================================================
Installing:
java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel x86_64 1:1.7.0.75-2.5.4.0.el6_6 updates 9.4 M
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
Total download size: 9.4 M
Installed size: 36 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel-1.7.0.75-2.5.4.0.el6_6.x86_64.r | 9.4 MB 00:03
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : 1:java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel-1.7.0.75-2.5.4.0.el6_6.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : 1:java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel-1.7.0.75-2.5.4.0.el6_6.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 1:1.7.0.75-2.5.4.0.el6_6
Complete!
root@server [/]# ls -l /usr/lib/vim
/bin/ls: cannot access /usr/lib/vim: No such file or directory
root@server [/]# ls -l /usr/lib/jvm/
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Feb 6 00:03 ./
drwxr-xr-x 28 root root 4096 Feb 5 22:47 ../
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 32 Feb 6 00:03 java-1.7.0 -> /etc/alternatives/java_sdk_1.7.0/
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Feb 6 00:03 java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.75.x86_64/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 34 Feb 6 00:03 java-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64 -> java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.75.x86_64/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 34 Feb 6 00:03 java-openjdk -> /etc/alternatives/java_sdk_openjdk/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Feb 5 23:52 jre -> /etc/alternatives/jre/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Feb 5 22:47 jre-1.7.0 -> /etc/alternatives/jre_1.7.0/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 38 Feb 5 22:47 jre-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64 -> java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.75.x86_64/jre/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Feb 5 22:47 jre-openjdk -> /etc/alternatives/jre_openjdk/
root@server [/]# vim .bashrc
root@server [/]# java -version
java version "1.6.0_37"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_37-b06)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 20.12-b01, mixed mode)
root@server [/]# cd $HOME
root@server [~]# vim .bashrc
.bashrc 的内容
# .bashrc
# User specific aliases and functions
alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'
# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
. /etc/bashrc
fi
export JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64"
目前 .bashrc 的输出如下，但仍在使用 Java 的相同版本
# .bashrc
# User specific aliases and functions
alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'
# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
. /etc/bashrc
fi
export JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64"
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME\bin
我通常将 jdk 安装到 Linux 并遇到与您一样的问题。
我通过编辑 ~/.bash_profile 文件来解决：
JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_75
#this should be point to your jdk directory
export JAVA_HOME
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export PATH
注意：注意在重新定义PATH
$JAVA_HOME/bin放在$PATH之前
然后，运行 下面的命令重新加载您的 .bash_profile 文件
. ~/.bash_profile
然后您可以重新打开您的终端并检查您的 Java 版本。
我在CentOS 7的/etc/profile中添加了以下内容，实现了同样的效果。另外，我用Oracle官方的JDK-8替换了我的openjdk，但是，这在实际中没有关系感于此。
我建议您按照我在 /etc/profile 文件中所做的那样进行更改。根据安装 java 的系统位置替换实际的 path/location :-
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/default
# point location before Java's bin folder in your system
export JRE_HOME=/usr/java/default/jre
# point location before JRE's bin folder in your system
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin
# append those 2 locations to the PATH environment variable
其中 JAVA_HOME 是安装 Java 的 /bin 目录的路径，您可以从上面的第一个导出命令中注意到， JRE_HOME 是 JRE 的 /bin 目录的路径，您可以从上面的第二个导出命令中注意到。