GCC 不工作但 G++ 可以

Question

我正在尝试运行在 'out of the box' 操作系统的 BeagleBone Black 上运行一些程序，但在使用 gcc 编译时我总是遇到问题。这在尝试编译一个简单的 hello world 程序时得到了最好的说明：

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
 printf("Hello World\n");
 return 0;
}

编译和运行的输出是：

debian@beaglebone:~$ g++ helloworld.c -o test
debian@beaglebone:~$ ./test
Hello World
debian@beaglebone:~$ gcc helloworld.c -o test
debian@beaglebone:~$ ./test
./test: line 27: typedef: command not found
./test: line 36: typedef: command not found
./test: line 37: typedef: command not found
./test: line 38: typedef: command not found
./test: line 39: typedef: command not found
./test: line 42: typedef: command not found
./test: line 43: typedef: command not found
./test: line 44: typedef: command not found
./test: line 45: typedef: command not found
./test: line 46: typedef: command not found
./test: line 47: typedef: command not found
./test: line 52: __extension__: command not found
./test: line 53: __extension__: command not found
./test: line 61: __extension__: command not found
./test: line 62: __extension__: command not found
./test: line 68: __extension__: command not found
./test: line 69: __extension__: command not found
./test: line 70: __extension__: command not found
./test: line 71: __extension__: command not found
./test: line 72: __extension__: command not found
./test: line 73: __extension__: command not found
./test: line 74: __extension__: command not found
./test: line 75: __extension__: command not found
./test: line 76: __extension__: command not found
./test: line 77: __extension__: command not found
./test: line 78: syntax error near unexpected token `}'
./test: line 78: `__extension__ typedef struct { int __val[2]; } __fsid_t;'
debian@beaglebone:~$

我的 gcc 和 g++ 版本是：

debian@beaglebone:~$ gcc --version
gcc (Debian 4.7.2-5) 4.7.2
Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

debian@beaglebone:~$ g++ --version
g++ (Debian 4.7.2-5) 4.7.2
Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

有没有人遇到过这个问题？我环顾四周，但 none 的修复似乎适用。提前致谢。

编辑：gcc -v helloworld.c -o outputFile

的输出

debian@beaglebone:~$ gcc -v helloworld.c -o outputFile
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
Target: arm-linux-gnueabihf
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Debian 4.7.2-5' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.7/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,go,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.7 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --with-system-zlib --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.7 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-libitm --enable-plugin --enable-objc-gc --disable-sjlj-exceptions --with-arch=armv7-a --with-fpu=vfpv3-d16 --with-float=hard --with-mode=thumb --enable-checking=release --build=arm-linux-gnueabihf --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --target=arm-linux-gnueabihf
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.7.2 (Debian 4.7.2-5)
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-E' '-v' '-o' 'outputFile' '-march=armv7-a' '-mfloat-abi=hard' '-mfpu=vfpv3-d16' '-mthumb' '-mtls-dialect=gnu'
 /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.7/cc1 -E -quiet -v -imultilib . -imultiarch arm-linux-gnueabihf helloworld.c -o outputFile -march=armv7-a -mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=vfpv3-d16 -mthumb -mtls-dialect=gnu
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.7/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.7/include
 /usr/local/include
 /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.7/include-fixed
 /usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf
 /usr/include
End of search list.
COMPILER_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.7/:/usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.7/:/usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/:/usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.7/:/usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/
LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.7/:/usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.7/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/:/usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.7/../../../:/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/:/lib/:/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/:/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-E' '-v' '-o' 'outputFile' '-march=armv7-a' '-mfloat-abi=hard' '-mfpu=vfpv3-d16' '-mthumb' '-mtls-dialect=gnu'

Answer 1

秘密在详细的编译器输出中揭示：

COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-E' [...]

-E 触发 GCC 只是对输入进行预处理，因此生成的 'test' 文件实际上是（递归）解析了单个包含的输入文件。

由于您没有显式添加 -E 参数，gcc 显然是隐式添加的。根据 this 关于 gcc.gnu.org 的讨论，您的 gcc 版本似乎已经编译了这个，所以我假设您必须从固定的源代码重新编译 gcc - 或者从任何来源获得正确编译的 gcc 版本（Debian 存储库？）。

Answer 2

您可以尝试使用 \gcc 而不是 gcc。前导反斜杠告诉 shell 忽略任何可能隐藏同名可执行文件的别名。您也可以使用完整的 gcc 路径来实现相同的目的。

您还可以使用 type gcc、whatis gcc 或 which gcc 或什至使用较低级别的 set|grep gcc.[= 检查是否没有名为 gcc 的别名或函数16=]

GCC 不工作但 G++ 可以

GCC not working but G++ does

c

debian

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