rspec 获得 "undefined method `build_rb_world_factory' for nil"

Question

我正在将 Rails 3.2 应用更新到 Ruby 2.2.2。我已将 Rails 版本升级到 3.2.22，这是 Ruby 2.2.2 所必需的。这相对顺利，但促使 Cucumber 更新，从 1.2.1 到 1.3.20。（我不记得细节，因为那是之前几次失败的努力，但我认为我的功能是通过的，但在我这样做之前退出 false。）

现在 Cucumber 的功能运行很好（尽管有大量不相关的 Ruby 2.2.2 警告），但 rspec 没有。具体来说，当我运行 rake spec 我得到这个错误：

/path/to/gems/cucumber-1.3.20/lib/cucumber/rb_support/rb_dsl.rb:15:in `build_rb_world_factory': undefined method `build_rb_world_factory' for nil:NilClass (NoMethodError)

堆栈跟踪通过 Capybara（2.4.4，由于其他原因固定）、ActiveSupport 和 Bundler 返回到 rspec-core。

我所有试图找到类似问题的搜索都指向代码，因为看起来这个方法名称唯一存在的地方就是在代码中。

为什么我在运行宁 rspec 时从 Capybara/Cucumber 收到此错误？我该如何解决？

ETA：堆栈跟踪，路径压缩了一点：

/path/to/gems/cucumber-1.3.20/lib/cucumber/rb_support/rb_dsl.rb:15:in `build_rb_world_factory': undefined method `build_rb_world_factory' for nil:NilClass (NoMethodError)
    from /path/to/gems/cucumber-1.3.20/lib/cucumber/rb_support/rb_dsl.rb:50:in `World'
    from /path/to/gems/capybara-2.4.4/lib/capybara/cucumber.rb:4:in `<top (required)>'
    from /path/to/gems/activesupport-3.2.22/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:251:in `require'
    from /path/to/gems/activesupport-3.2.22/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:251:in `block in require'
    from /path/to/gems/activesupport-3.2.22/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:236:in `load_dependency'
    from /path/to/gems/activesupport-3.2.22/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:251:in `require'
    from /path/to/gems/capybara-screenshot-0.2.2/lib/capybara-screenshot.rb:96:in `<top (required)>'
    from /path/to/gems/bundler-1.10.6/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:76:in `require'
    from /path/to/gems/bundler-1.10.6/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:76:in `block (2 levels) in require'
    from /path/to/gems/bundler-1.10.6/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:72:in `each'
    from /path/to/gems/bundler-1.10.6/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:72:in `block in require'
    from /path/to/gems/bundler-1.10.6/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:61:in `each'
    from /path/to/gems/bundler-1.10.6/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:61:in `require'
    from /path/to/gems/bundler-1.10.6/lib/bundler.rb:134:in `require'
    from /path/to/app/config/application.rb:13:in `<top (required)>'
    from /path/to/app/config/environment.rb:2:in `require'
    from /path/to/app/config/environment.rb:2:in `<top (required)>'
    from /path/to/app/spec/spec_helper.rb:10:in `require'
    from /path/to/app/spec/spec_helper.rb:10:in `<top (required)>'
    from /path/to/app/spec/controllers/academic_years_controller_spec.rb:1:in `require'
    from /path/to/app/spec/controllers/academic_years_controller_spec.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
    from /path/to/gems/rspec-core-3.2.3/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1226:in `load'
    from /path/to/gems/rspec-core-3.2.3/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1226:in `block in load_spec_files'
    from /path/to/gems/rspec-core-3.2.3/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1224:in `each'
    from /path/to/gems/rspec-core-3.2.3/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1224:in `load_spec_files'
    from /path/to/gems/rspec-core-3.2.3/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:97:in `setup'
    from /path/to/gems/rspec-core-3.2.3/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:85:in `run'
    from /path/to/gems/rspec-core-3.2.3/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:70:in `run'
    from /path/to/gems/rspec-core-3.2.3/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:38:in `invoke'
    from /path/to/gems/rspec-core-3.2.3/exe/rspec:4:in `<main>'
/path/to/ruby/ruby-2.2.2/bin/ruby -I/path/to/gems/rspec-core-3.2.3/lib:/path/to/gems/rspec-support-3.2.2/lib /path/to/gems/rspec-core-3.2.3/exe/rspec --pattern spec/\*\*\{,/\*/\*\*\}/\*_spec.rb failed

我的直觉是有一个配置文件需要在某处重建。

Answer 1

来自您的堆栈跟踪 - 水豚屏幕截图 gem 需要 capybara/cucumber 即使您运行规格没有使用黄瓜。这意味着 World 是从 capybara/cucumber 针对未初始化的黄瓜调用的，并给出了错误。您使用的 capybara-screenshot 版本真的很旧，需要 capybara/cucumber 的代码已被删除，因此您可能应该更新您使用的 capybara-screenshot 版本，并添加

require 'capybara/cucumber'
require 'capybara-screenshot/cucumber'

到您的 env.rb 或其他黄瓜支持文件

rspec 获得 "undefined method `build_rb_world_factory' for nil"

rspec gets "undefined method `build_rb_world_factory' for nil"

ruby

rspec

cucumber

capybara

ruby-on-rails-3