了解 $PATH 变量：已安装的 gem 不在路径中

Question

早上好！

我正在研究 ruby gem。到目前为止，gem 还没有被推送到任何服务器——目前都是本地开发。

我想在构建时测试 gem（使用 TTD）。我有运行 bundle exe rake build 和 bundle exe rake install 来在我的本地环境中构建和安装 gem。我现在希望当我在终端的任何地方键入 gem_name 时，应该识别 gem_name。不幸的是它不是；相反，我收到此错误：

    `$ -bash gem_name: command not found`

我唯一能想到的就是我的路径有问题。

这是我的 $PATH 的输出：

    echo $PATH
    /Users/throw/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin:
    /Users/throw/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@global/bin:
    /Users/throw/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin:
    /usr/local:/usr/local/bin:
   /usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:
   /usr/local/git/bin:/Users/throw/.rvm/bin:/Users/throw/.nvm/nvm.sh:
  /Users/throw/.node/bin:/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/9.5.0.0/latest/bin

下面是命令 gem env 的输出：

    gem env
    RubyGems Environment:
      - RUBYGEMS VERSION: 2.5.1
      - RUBY VERSION: 2.2.1 (2015-02-26 patchlevel 85) [x86_64-darwin14]
      - INSTALLATION DIRECTORY: /Users/throw/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1
      - USER INSTALLATION DIRECTORY: /Users/throw/.gem/ruby/2.2.0
      - RUBY EXECUTABLE: /Users/throw/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/ruby
      - EXECUTABLE DIRECTORY: /Users/throw/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin
      - SPEC CACHE DIRECTORY: /Users/throw/.gem/specs
      - SYSTEM CONFIGURATION DIRECTORY: /Users/throw/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/etc
      - RUBYGEMS PLATFORMS:
        - ruby
        - x86_64-darwin-14
      - GEM PATHS:
         - /Users/throw/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1
         - /Users/throw/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@global
      - GEM CONFIGURATION:
         - :update_sources => true
         - :verbose => true
         - :backtrace => false
         - :bulk_threshold => 1000
      - REMOTE SOURCES:
         - https://rubygems.org/
      - SHELL PATH:
         - /Users/throw/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin
         - /Users/throw/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@global/bin
         - /Users/throw/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin
         - /usr/local
         - /usr/local/bin
         - /usr/local/sbin
         - /usr/bin
         - /usr/local/bin
         - /usr/bin
         - /bin
         - /usr/sbin
         - /sbin
         - /usr/local/git/bin
         - /Users/throw/.rvm/bin
         - /Users/throw/.nvm/nvm.sh
         - /Users/throw/.node/bin
         - /Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/9.5.0.0/latest/bin

到目前为止，我认为 gem_name 路径包含在我的 $PATH 中，但我不知道...我是否遗漏了什么？

以下是gem_name.gemspec的内容：

    # coding: utf-8
    lib = File.expand_path('../lib', __FILE__)
    $LOAD_PATH.unshift(lib) unless $LOAD_PATH.include?(lib)
    require 'instructortools/version'

    Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
      spec.name          = "instructortools"
      spec.version       = Instructortools::VERSION
      spec.authors       = ["Throw"]
      spec.email         = ["throw@gmail.com"]

      spec.summary       = %q{The command line interface instructor tools}
      spec.homepage      = "https://github.com/throw/instructortools-gem"
      spec.license       = "MIT"

      # Prevent pushing this gem to RubyGems.org by setting 'allowed_push_host', or
      # delete this section to allow pushing this gem to any host.
      if spec.respond_to?(:metadata)
        spec.metadata['allowed_push_host'] = "TODO: Set to 'http://mygemserver.com'"
      else
        raise "RubyGems 2.0 or newer is required to protect against public gem pushes."
      end

      spec.files         = `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0").reject { |f| f.match(%r{^(test|spec|features)/}) }
      spec.bindir        = "exe"
      spec.executables   = spec.files.grep(%r{^exe/}) { |f| File.basename(f) }
      spec.require_paths = ["lib"]

      spec.add_development_dependency "bundler", "~> 1.11"
      spec.add_development_dependency "rake", "~> 10.0"
      spec.add_development_dependency "rspec", "~> 3.0"
      spec.add_development_dependency "pry"

      spec.add_runtime_dependency "thor"
    end

我有一个包含以下行的 exe 目录：

    #!/usr/bin/env ruby

    require "instructortools"

    Instructortools::CLI.start(ARGV)

谢谢！

Answer 1

您应该在 gemspec 中提及您的可执行文件，如下所示：

spec.bindir "exe"
spec.executables ["your_script_name"]

以便在安装时 rubygems 将其复制到 /Users/throw/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin 中 $PATH

编辑：您的 gemspec 从 git ls-files 获取文件列表，因此所有文件都应在 gem 构建之前提交以包含在 gem.

中

了解 $PATH 变量：已安装的 gem 不在路径中

Understanding $PATH variable: Installed gems are not in path

ruby

rubygems

path