Read/Write 文件：按特定顺序写入行 - Python

Question

我的代码有几个问题。我了解其中一个，但不确定如何解决。代码用于读取文本文件。

TXT 文件格式：

204 jack sparrow

http://testlink.com/test123

123 Doughboy®

http://testlink.com/test346

348 ༺༃ོེċℏυƿᾰċᾰ♭Իᾰ༂ི༻

http://testlink.com/testr55

等等..

接下来它应该写入另一个文件，输出如下：

输出文件格式：

204 http://testlink.com/test123&u_link=jack_sparrow

123 http://testlink.com/test346&u_link=Doughboy®

348 http://testlink.com/testr55&u_link=༺༃ོེċℏυƿᾰċᾰ♭Իᾰ༂ི༻

等等...

我的输出如下所示：

204 jack_sparow

http://testlink.com/test123&u_link=123_Doughboy®

http://testlink.com/test346&u_link=348_༺༃ོེċℏυƿᾰċᾰ♭Իᾰ༂ི༻

等等。

由于某种原因，当输入文件从第一行开始时，该行不会得到处理并且不会出现在结果文件中。当输入文件中的第一行留空时，输出文件如上所示。将它移到输入文件的下一行对输出文件没有影响。这是我的第一个问题。第二个是我不知道如何用数字和名称拆分输入文件的行，然后将数字移到行的前面，将名称移到输出文件中 link 的后面，

我的代码如下所示：

for line in open('test2.txt'): #reading file

rec = line.strip()

rec = rec.replace(" ", "_")    #Need whitespaces and brackets removed from link so i replaced them with low line
rec = rec.replace("(", "_")
rec = rec.replace(")", "_") 

level = ('1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9')  #line with number and name always starts with number

link = ('h')            #line with link always starts with letter h as in http://

name = (rec[3:])       

if rec.startswith(link):

    f = open("test5.txt","a")   

f.write(rec + "&u_link=")      #writes link and append $u_link= to the end of the line and this is the place where i want to append the name 

if rec.startswith(level) :

    f = open("test5.txt","a") 

    f.write(rec + "\n\n")      # this is where i write name and number

我知道代码远非完美，但我才刚刚开始我的编程冒险，这是我第二次尝试完成相同的任务。在我的 raw_input 尝试失败后，我决定使用 read/write 文件方法，因为在 Windows 中命令行无法处理名称中存在的符号和花哨的字体，但在 Linux 控制台（Windows 中的 cmd 使用与 utf-8 不同的编码）。

这是我第一次尝试代码，运行良好但依赖于手动输入而不是文件：

print "level?",      
level = raw_input()     # file should be sorted by this variable
print "link?",
link = raw_input()     
print "name?",         # Problem with fonts and symbols
name = raw_input()
name = name.replace(" ", "")  #This removes spaces from the name as URL         cant  have spaces 
ul = "&u_link="        #This have to be appended to the link followed by  the name
el = "\n"              #Empty line to separate links in test.txt file
f = open("test.txt","a") 
f.write(el+level+" -- "+link+ul+name+el)   #file writing 
print level+" -- "+link+ul+name            #printing in the console just to see if works

我希望它能解释我正在尝试做的事情。非常感谢所有的帮助和建议。请原谅我的任何错误。英语不是我的第一语言。

Answer 1

所以我注意到，如果我使用 reversed() 反转文件，它可以解决我的问题。由于某种原因 python 总是先读取 'link' 而不管 txt 文件格式。经过一些研究后，我发现了另一种完成任务的方法，该方法使用字符串列表并且无论 txt 文件格式如何都可以工作，这意味着它适用于 link 位于包含数据的行下方或上方的实例。

这是我用来使用 reversed() 完成任务的代码：

import os
import glob

for line in reversed(open("test2.txt").readlines()):
    rec = line.strip()
    rec = rec.replace("<", "_")
    rec = rec.replace(">", "_")
    rec = rec.replace("&", "n")
    rec = rec.replace(" ", "_")
    rec = rec.replace("(", "_")
    rec = rec.replace(")", "_") 
    rec = rec.replace('"', "_")
    rec = rec.replace("'", "_")
    level = ('1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9')
    link = ('h')
    if rec.startswith(link):
    f = open("temp.txt","a")
    f.write(rec + "&u_link=")  
    elif rec.startswith(level) :
    f = open("temp.txt","a") 
    f.write(rec + "\n\n")   
    f.close()
for line in reversed(open("temp.txt").readlines()):
    lines = line.strip()    
    f = open("hitlistlinks.txt","a") 
    f.write(lines + "\n")    

files = glob.glob('temp.txt')
for f in files:
    os.remove(f)

请注意，我在删除过程中创建了临时文件：

files = glob.glob('temp.txt')
for f in files:
    os.remove(f)

在我的代码末尾。为了使这种方式起作用，我必须导入 os 和 glob 方法。

现在我对解决方案并不完全满意，所以我做了更多研究。最终我在 http://www.reddit.com/r/learnprogramming/ 的帮助下写了另一个代码强烈推荐来自 Learnprogrammin @reddit 的人。得到了 almost 的即时帮助和很多好的建议，所以如果你对编程还很陌生，那么这是一个检查你是否堆积如山的好地方 something.They 在 freenode #Learnprogramming 上也有非常活跃的 IRC 频道。

这是最终代码，它更简洁并且可以完成工作：

# Open the file
with open("test3.txt", "r") as f:

# Here we're going to clean up the input file to wipe out
# any whitespace at the beginning or end of each line
    cleaned_lines = []
    for line in f:
        cleaned_lines.append(line.strip())

# Now we'll recombine it back into a single string of text 
# with the lines separated by the \n character
    all_text = "\n".join(cleaned_lines)

# Split the text on blank lines.  Groups should now be a list
# of strings, where each group contains two adjacent lines 
# that contain a link and a strip of data
    groups = all_text.split("\n\n")

# Now we'll go through each group and break it apart into the
# two separate lines.  One of them will start with an "http" 
# and that one will be our link.

    for group in groups:

        line1, line2 = [x for x in group.split("\n") if x]
        if line1.startswith("http"):
            link = line1
            rec = line2 
        elif line2.startswith("http"):
            link = line2
            rec = line1
        else:
        # If one of the two lines doesn't start with "http" we 
        # have a group that doesn't have a link.  
        # I'll just throw 
        # an error and bring the program to a halt.
            raise Exception("This group is missing a link! format(group))

        # At this point the link variable contains the link, and 
        # the data variable contains the other line. Now we can process the input file as intended 
        # and it will work on either file.
        rec = rec.replace("<", "_")
        rec = rec.replace(">", "_")
        rec = rec.replace("&", "n")
        rec = rec.replace(" ", "_")
        rec = rec.replace("(", "_")
        rec = rec.replace(")", "_") 
        rec = rec.replace('"', "_")
        rec = rec.replace("'", "_")
        f = open("hitlist.txt","a")
        f.write(link + "&u_link=" + rec + "\n\n")
        f.close()

我希望这会帮助其他有类似问题的人，并向他们展示解决同一问题的两种不同方法。仅供参考，有两个以上。

Read/Write 文件：按特定顺序写入行 - Python

Read/Write File : Write to line in certain order - Python

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