如何忽略某些警告，而其他警告则转向来自 Python 命令行的异常？

Question

如何从命令行执行 Python 并忽略某些警告（例如 DeprecationWarning），同时将其余警告变为异常？

可以多次使用 -W 选项吗？

我面临的具体问题是我运行ning pytest/pytest-cov 在 tox/virtualenv 里面，因为 virtualenv uses an outdated site.py module，当我使用运行和 -Werror 时抛出 DeprecationWarning，然后才能在我的代码中获取访问权限以捕获它。我想通过至少仅忽略此警告并将其他警告（ImportWarning 等）转换为异常来最大程度地减少对我的测试的影响，以便我可以在自己的代码中检测和处理它们。

Answer 1

python -Werror -Wignore::DeprecationWarning your_stuff.py

https://docs.python.org/2/using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-W

Answer 2

手册页中确实有这方面的信息，但有点难读。在发布问题之前我找不到这个问题，所以我会看看是否可以更容易找到它：

陷阱：-W 选项被后面的选项掩盖，-Werror 需要在 -Wignore

之前发生

按异常过滤：

python -werror -Wignore::PendingDeprecationWarning your_stuff.py

按行过滤：

python -Werror -Wignore::::32 your_stuff.py

忽略第 32 行的警告

过滤 module/file:

python -Werror -Wignore:::site: your_stuff.py

忽略示例中 site.py 模块的任何警告（异常回溯中的最后一个文件）

选项有action:message:category:module:line

手册页：

   -W argument
          Warning control.  Python sometimes prints warning message to sys.stderr.  A typical warning  message
          has  the following form: file:line: category: message.  By default, each warning is printed once for
          each source line where it occurs.  This option controls how often warnings are printed.  Multiple -W
          options  may be given; when a warning matches more than one option, the action for the last matching
          option is performed.  Invalid -W options are ignored (a warning message  is  printed  about  invalid
          options  when  the  first  warning is issued).  Warnings can also be controlled from within a Python
          program using the warnings module.

          The simplest form of argument is one of the following action strings  (or  a  unique  abbreviation):
          ignore  to  ignore  all  warnings; default to explicitly request the default behavior (printing each
          warning once per source line); all to print a warning each time it occurs (this  may  generate  many
          messages if a warning is triggered repeatedly for the same source line, such as inside a loop); modâ€
          ule to print each warning only the first time it occurs in each module; once to print  each  warning
          only  the  first time it occurs in the program; or error to raise an exception instead of printing a
          warning message.

          The full form of argument is action:message:category:module:line.   Here,  action  is  as  explained
          above  but only applies to messages that match the remaining fields.  Empty fields match all values;
          trailing empty fields may be omitted.  The message field matches the start of  the  warning  message
          printed;  this  match  is  case-insensitive.  The category field matches the warning category.  This
          must be a class name; the match test whether the actual warning category of the message  is  a  subâ€
          class  of  the  specified  warning  category.   The full class name must be given.  The module field
          matches the (fully-qualified) module name; this match is case-sensitive.  The line field matches the
          line number, where zero matches all line numbers and is thus equivalent to an omitted line number.

如何忽略某些警告，而其他警告则转向来自 Python 命令行的异常？

How can certain warnings be ignored while others turned to exceptions from Python command line?

python

warnings

exception

command-line-arguments