python3: 不要在错误消息中显示完整的目录路径

Question

有没有办法在执行python程序时只显示重要的目录路径？

目前我得到这个：

python3 foo.py                                        
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "foo.py", line 60, in <module>
    foo = Foo()
  File "foo.py", line 22, in __init__
    self._run()
  File "/media/MyDocuments/xxxxxxx/yyyyyyyyy/python_code/foo.py", line 18, in check_input
    bar = obj.get_action()
AttributeError: 'obj' object has no attribute 'get_action'

据我所知，我的代码位于哪个目录中，完整的目录使错误消息的可读性更差。我可以告诉 python 给我看更像这样的输出吗？

python3 foo.py                                        
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "foo.py", line 60, in <module>
        foo = Foo()
      File "foo.py", line 22, in __init__
        self._run()
      File ".../foo.py", line 18, in check_input
        bar = obj.get_action()
    AttributeError: 'obj' object has no attribute 'get_action'

回答

使用 unutbu 中的代码，我添加了一些颜色行，如果有人正在寻找对解释器输出的简单改进，只需将其用作模块并导入它:

import sys
import traceback
import os
import re

RED = '3[91m'
GREEN = '3[92m'
YELLOW = '3[93m'
LIGHT_PURPLE = '3[94m'
PURPLE = '3[95m'
CYAN = '3[96m'
END = '3[0m'

def my_excepthook(type, value, tb):
    lines = traceback.format_list(traceback.extract_tb(tb))
    def shorten(match):
        return 'File "{}"'.format(os.path.basename(match.group(1)))
    lines = [re.sub(r'File "([^"]+)"', shorten, line) for line in lines]
    _print_color(lines)
    # print(''.join(lines))
    print(RED + '{}: {}'.format(type.__name__, value) + END)

sys.excepthook = my_excepthook


def _print_color(lines):
    for l in lines:
        for i in range(len(l)-1):
            if l[i:i+5]=="line ":
                i +=5
                # Find the length of the number
                numLen = 0
                while l[i+numLen].isdigit():
                    numLen +=1

                # Find the length of the function
                funLen = 0
                while not l[i+numLen+4 + funLen]=="\n":
                    funLen+=1

                l = ''.join([l[:i],
                        YELLOW+"{}".format(l[i:i+numLen])+END,
                        l[i+numLen:i+numLen+5],
                        LIGHT_PURPLE+"{}".format(l[i+numLen+5:i+numLen+5+funLen])+END,
                        CYAN+"{}".format(l[i+numLen+5+funLen:])+END])
                print(l,end="")
                break
    print("")

Answer 1

我认为编写自定义错误的最佳方式是使用 try 和 except。

try:
    doSomething() # You code goes here.
except Exception: 
    # Whatever you want to be shown, full path, anything.
    pass

Answer 2

如果您没有 main 例程，您可以在 main 过程周围或最顶层设置一个 try except 块。在 except 块中，您可以使用 traceback 模块解析异常跟踪以删除目录名称和其他不重要的信息。

import traceback
import sys
if __name__ == '__main__':
    try:
        #SomeOperation
        #More operation
    except:
        errorMsg = traceback.format_exc()
        #Format error message according to your preference
        print(errorMsgTransformed)
        sys.exit(1)

Answer 3

您可以将自定义函数分配给 sys.excepthook 到 handle all uncaught exceptions:

sys.excepthook = my_excepthook

那么你可以使用

def my_excepthook(type, value, tb):
    lines = traceback.format_list(traceback.extract_tb(tb))
    # process/modify lines
    print(''.join(lines))

以一行序列的形式获取回溯错误消息，然后根据需要进行修改和打印。

例如，如果您希望将所有文件路径缩短为其基本名称，您可以使用：

import sys
import traceback
import os
import re

def my_excepthook(type, value, tb):
    lines = traceback.format_list(traceback.extract_tb(tb))
    def shorten(match):
        return 'File "{}"'.format(os.path.basename(match.group(1)))
    lines = [re.sub(r'File "([^"]+)"', shorten, line, 1) for line in lines]
    print(''.join(lines))
    print('{}: {}'.format(type.__name__, value))

sys.excepthook = my_excepthook   # comment this out to see the difference

class Foo():
    def run(self):
        1/0

foo = Foo()
foo.run()

产生

  File "script.py", line 24, in <module>
    foo.run()
  File "script.py", line 21, in run
    1/0

ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

而不是

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/unutbu/pybin/script.py", line 24, in <module>
    foo.run()
  File "/home/unutbu/pybin/script.py", line 21, in run
    1/0
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

python3: 不要在错误消息中显示完整的目录路径

python3: Don't show full directory path on error message

python

compiler-errors

python-3.x

output