如何在 C++ 中重载模板的友元提取运算符 (>>)?

How to overload the friend extraction operator (>>) for templates in C++?

我正在尝试使用模板重载 friend >> 运算符。我不想内联定义它。

我曾尝试借助下面代码中定义的方法 add() 来做同样的事情。它工作正常。我希望我的 >> 接线员也这样做。

以下是我的代码:

#include<iostream>

template<class T>class Demo;
template<class T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const Demo<T> &);
template<class T>
std::istream& operator>>(std::istream&, const Demo<T> &);

template<class T>
class Demo {
private:
    T data; // To store the value.
public:
    Demo(); // Default Constructor.
    void add(T element); // To add a new element to the object.
    Demo<T> operator+(const Demo<T> foo);
    friend std::ostream& operator<< <T>(std::ostream &out, const Demo<T> &d);
    friend std::istream& operator>> <T>(std::istream &in, const Demo<T> &d);
};

template<class T>
Demo<T>::Demo() {
    data = 0;
}   

template<class T>
void Demo<T>::add(T element) {
    data = element;
}

template<class T>
Demo<T> Demo<T>::operator+(const Demo<T> foo) {
    Demo<T> returnObject;
    returnObject.data = this->data + foo.data;
    return returnObject;
}

template<class T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &out, const Demo<T> &d) {
    out << d.data << std::endl;
    return out;
}

template<class T>
std::istream& operator>>(std::istream &in, const Demo<T> &d) {
    in >> d.data;
    return in;
}

int main() {
    Demo<int> objOne;
    std::cin>>objOne;
    Demo<int>objTwo;
    objTwo.add(3);
    Demo<int>objThree = objOne + objTwo;
    std::cout << "Result = " << objThree;
    return 0;
}

实际问题

在尝试重载友元提取运算符 (>>) 时,编译器显示如下错误:

testMain.cpp:52:15:   required from here
testMain.cpp:46:8: error: no match for 'operator>>' (operand types are 'std::istream {aka std::basic_istream}' and 'const int')
     in >> d.data;
        ^

预期输出

Result = 59

RUN SUCCESSFUL (total time: 49ms)

参考资料

问题与模板无关。

operator>>修改右边的数据,但是你把那个参数声明为const,所以操作者不能修改它。编译器错误甚至指出要修改的值(d.data)是 const:

testMain.cpp:46:8: error: no match for 'operator>>' (operand types are 'std::istream {aka std::basic_istream}' and 'const int')

您需要从第二个参数中删除 const

template<class T>
std::istream& operator>>(std::istream&, Demo<T> &);

...

template<class T>
class Demo {
   ...
public:
    ...
    friend std::istream& operator>> <T>(std::istream &in, Demo<T> &d);
};

...

template<class T>
std::istream& operator>>(std::istream &in, Demo<T> &d) {
    in >> d.data;
    return in;
}