设计要点：多态性是否适合我的情况

Question

我的情况类似于以下情况：

interface IAbstractPaymentService { void ProcessPayment(); }
interface IPaymentGateway1Service : IAbstractPaymentService { } // Do not define extra methods but needed for IoC container configuration
interface IPaymentGateway2Service : IAbstractPaymentService { } // Do not define extra methods but needed for IoC container configuration

public abstract class PaymentProcessor 
{ 
    protected abstract void ThisMethodNeedsASpecializedService(IAbstractPaymentService abstractPaymentService);
}

public class PaymentGateway1Processor : PaymentProcessor
{
    protected override void ThisMethodNeedsASpecializedService(IAbstractPaymentService abstractPaymentService)
    {
        return ThisMethodNeedsASpecializedService(abstractPaymentService as IPaymentGateway1Service) // Don't worry, I do security checks
    }

    public void ThisMethodNeedsASpecializedService(IPaymentGateway1Service paymentGateway1Service)
    {
        paymentGateway1Service.ProcessPayment(); 
    }
}

public class PaymentGateway2Processor : PaymentProcessor
{
    protected override void ThisMethodNeedsASpecializedService(IAbstractPaymentService abstractPaymentService)
    {
        return ThisMethodNeedsASpecializedService(abstractPaymentService as IPaymentGateway2Service) // Don't worry, I do security checks
    }

    public void ThisMethodNeedsASpecializedService(IPaymentGateway2Service paymentGateway2Service)
    {
        paymentGateway2Service.ProcessPayment(); 
    }
}

我对这种抽象不是很满意，因为多态的思想是你不关心底层类型，你只希望应用某种行为。但是在这里，即使我创建了一个 PaymentProcessor 工厂，每次消费者需要调用 ThisMethodNeedsASpecializedService() 时，他都需要知道底层类型才能注入正确的服务。

我正在考虑将服务存储在内部属性，这样我就可以创建一个在创建时注入服务的工厂，而消费者不需要知道所使用的服务 -因此，不会关心底层类型。但我一直认为将服务实例存储在属性中是一种不好的做法，我不确定是否应该这样做。

您对此有何看法，您会采取不同的做法吗？

Answer 1

实现结构的更好方法是将 IAbstractPaymentService 注入 PaymentProcessor 构造函数。例如：

public abstract class PaymentProcessor 
{ 
    protected abstract void ThisMethodNeedsASpecializedService();
}

public class PaymentGateway1Processor : PaymentProcessor
{
    private IPaymentGateway1Service paymentGateway1Service;

    public PaymentGateway1Processor(IPaymentGateway1Service paymentGateway1Service){
        this.paymentGateway1Service = paymentGateway1Service;
    }

    public void ThisMethodNeedsASpecializedService()
    {
        this.paymentGateway1Service.ProcessPayment(); 
    }
}

设计要点：多态性是否适合我的情况

Design point : is polymorphism appropriate in my case

c#

architecture

oop